ArticleJournal of virology2001
Design and use of an inducibly activated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef to study immune modulation.
Article in Journal of virology, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- EZH2 inhibition mitigates HIV immune evasion, reduces reservoir formation, and promotes skewing of CD8Cell reports · 2025Article
- HIV protein Nef expression in human microglia drives the release of distinct Nef-containing extracellular vesicles.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2025Article
- HIV-Nef Protein Transfer to Endothelial Cells Requires Rac1 Activation and Leads to Endothelial Dysfunction Implications for Statin Treatment in HIV Patients.Circulation research · 2019Article
- Myosin-X is essential to the intercellular spread of HIV-1 Nef through tunneling nanotubes.Journal of cell communication and signaling · 2019Article
- Latent HIV-1 is activated by exosomes from cells infected with either replication-competent or defective HIV-1.Retrovirology · 2015Article
- A Genome-Wide Screen for Machinery Involved in Downregulation of MHC Class I by HIV-1 Nef.PloS one · 2015Article
- Small molecule inhibitors of the HIV-1 virulence factor, Nef.Drug discovery today. Technologies · 2013Review
- Article
- Nef alleles from all major HIV-1 clades activate Src-family kinases and enhance HIV-1 replication in an inhibitor-sensitive manner.PloS one · 2012Article
- Mechanisms of HIV-1 Nef function and intracellular signaling.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2011Review
- Pol-specific CD8+ T cells recognize simian immunodeficiency virus-infected cells prior to Nef-mediated major histocompatibility complex class I downregulation.Journal of virology · 2007Article
- Article
- HIV-1 Nef regulates the release of superoxide anions from human macrophages.The Biochemical journal · 2005Article
- Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef activates p21-activated kinase via recruitment into lipid rafts.Journal of virology · 2004Article
- Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef associates with lipid rafts to downmodulate cell surface CD4 and class I major histocompatibility complex expression and to increase viral infectivity.Journal of virology · 2004Article
- Direct binding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef to the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) cytoplasmic tail disrupts MHC-I trafficking.Journal of virology · 2002Article
- Simian immunodeficiency virus Nef protein delays the progression of CD4+ T cells through G1/S phase of the cell cycle.Journal of virology · 2002Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The Nef protein of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has been shown to enhance the infectivity of virus particles, downmodulate cell surface proteins, and associate with many intracellular proteins that are thought to facilitate HIV infection. One of the challenges in defining the molecular events regulated by Nef has been obtaining good expression of Nef protein in T cells. This has been attributed to effects of Nef on cell proliferation and apoptosis. We have designed a Nef protein that is readily expressed in T-cell lines and whose function is inducibly activated. It is composed of a fusion between full-length Nef and the estrogen receptor hormone-binding domain (Nef-ER). The Nef-ER is kept in an inactive state due to steric hindrance, and addition of the membrane-permeable drug 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-HT), which binds to the ER domain, leads to inducible activation of Nef-ER within cells. We demonstrate that Nef-ER inducibly associates with the 62-kDa Ser/Thr kinase and is localized to specific membrane microdomains (lipid rafts) only after activation. Using this inducible Nef, we also compared the specific requirements for CD4 and HLA-A2 downmodulation in a SupT1 T-cell line. Half-maximal downmodulation of cell surface CD4 required very little active Nef-ER and occurred as early as 4 h after addition of 4-HT. In contrast, 50% downmodulation of HLA-A2 by Nef required 16 to 24 h and about 50- to 100-fold-greater concentrations of 4-HT. These data suggest that HLA-A2 downmodulation may require certain threshold levels of active Nef. The differential timing of CD4 and HLA-A2 downmodulation may have implications for HIV pathogenesis and immune evasion.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.