ArticleImmunology2000
Virulence of Sporothrix schenckii conidia and yeast cells, and their susceptibility to nitric oxide.
Article in Immunology, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- An anti-adhesive peptide found in extracellular vesicles fromCell surface (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Neutrophil Oxidative Burst Profile Is Related to a Satisfactory Response to Itraconazole and Clinical Cure in Feline Sporotrichosis.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Fungi's Swiss Army Knife: Pleiotropic Effect of Melanin in Fungal Pathogenesis during Cattle Mycosis.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- An Alpha-Glucan fromJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Role of Macrophages in the Host's Defense againstPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Review
- The threat of emerging and re-emerging pathogenic Sporothrix species.Mycopathologia · 2020Review
- Sporotrichosis In Immunocompromised Hosts.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Immunopathogenesis of Human Sporotrichosis: What We Already Know.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- An immunoproteomic approach revealing peptides from Sporothrix brasiliensis that induce a cellular immune response in subcutaneous sporotrichosis.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Article
- Exploring virulence and immunogenicity in the emerging pathogen Sporothrix brasiliensis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Article
- Article
- Zoonotic Epidemic of Sporotrichosis: Cat to Human Transmission.PLoS pathogens · 2017Review
- Comparative genomics of the major fungal agents of human and animal Sporotrichosis: Sporothrix schenckii and Sporothrix brasiliensis.BMC genomics · 2014Article
- Melanin in a meristematic mutant of Fonsecaea monophora inhibits the production of nitric oxide and Th1 cytokines of murine macrophages.Mycopathologia · 2013Article
- Phylogenetic analysis reveals a high prevalence of Sporothrix brasiliensis in feline sporotrichosis outbreaks.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2013Article
- Article
- Biosynthesis and functions of a melanoid pigment produced by species of the sporothrix complex in the presence of L-tyrosine.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2012Article
- Sporothrix schenckii and Sporotrichosis.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2011Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in macrophage (M phi) fungicidal activity against Sporothrix schenckii, and the relationship between NO susceptibility and the differential virulence of conidia and yeast cells, were investigated. Confirming a previously reported correlation between the length of time in culture and virulence of S. schenckii, conidia isolated from 12-day mycelial cultures (Ss-12) were less virulent to mice than conidia from 7-day cultures (Ss-7) or yeast cells. Indicative of NO production, infected animals showed a significant increase in serum levels of nitrite that was lower in mice infected with Ss-12 than in mice infected with Ss-7 or yeast. Stimulation of murine M phi with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) induced NO production and inhibition of fungal growth. The cytotoxic activity of M phi against Ss-12 was significantly greater than against Ss-7 or yeast cells, the highly virulent fungal forms. The addition of NO synthase inhibitors abrogated M phi cytotoxic activity against all fungal forms. The phagocytic activity of M phi against Ss-7 was significantly lower than against Ss-12 or yeast cells. Although the ingestion of fungal cells triggered the oxidative burst in M phi, the fungicidal activity was not altered in the presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. In addition, Ss-12 and yeast cells were more susceptible than Ss-7 to the direct fungicidal activity of the NO donors S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (SNAP), S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1). The results of this study indicate that NO is a key cytotoxic mediator involved in the murine M phi defence against S. schenckii, and that the virulence of Ss-7, Ss-12 and yeast cells may be related to a differential susceptibility to NO.
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