ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2000
Highly restricted spread of HIV-1 and multiply infected cells within splenic germinal centers.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.
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Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 139 citations in OpenAlex.
- Single cell analysis of lymph node tissue from HIV-1 infected patients reveals that the majority of CD4+ T-cells contain one HIV-1 DNA molecule.PLoS pathogens · 2013Trial
- Genetic characterization of rebounding human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in plasma during multiple interruptions of highly active antiretroviral therapy.Journal of virology · 2003Trial
- Non-integrase mechanisms for dolutegravir resistance.Retrovirology · 2026Review
- Superinfection promotes replication and diversification of defective HIV-1 proviruses in people with non-suppressible viraemia.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Epistatic pathways can drive HIV-1 escape from integrase strand transfer inhibitors.Science advances · 2024Article
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- Detection of Antigen-Specific T Cells Using In Situ MHC Tetramer Staining.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Low levels of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells in germinal centers characterizes acute SIV infection.PLoS pathogens · 2019Article
- Incomplete inhibition of HIV infection results in more HIV infected lymph node cells by reducing cell death.eLife · 2018Article
- Single-molecule techniques to quantify and genetically characterise persistent HIV.Retrovirology · 2018Review
- Defensive Driving: Directing HIV-1 Vaccine-Induced Humoral Immunity to the Mucosa with Chemokine Adjuvants.Journal of immunology research · 2018Review
- BCL6 represses antiviral resistance in follicular T helper cells.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2017Article
- New Connections: Cell-to-Cell HIV-1 Transmission, Resistance to Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies, and an Envelope Sorting Motif.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Combination antiretroviral therapy and cell-cell spread of wild-type and drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus-1.The Journal of general virology · 2017Article
- Follicular CD8 T cells accumulate in HIV infection and can kill infected cells in vitro via bispecific antibodies.Science translational medicine · 2017Article
- High resolution sequencing of hepatitis C virus reveals limited intra-hepatic compartmentalization in end-stage liver disease.Journal of hepatology · 2017Article
- Follicular CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- HIV Cell-to-Cell Spread Results in Earlier Onset of Viral Gene Expression by Multiple Infections per Cell.PLoS pathogens · 2016Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The tremendous dynamics of HIV infection finds expression in the tempo of sequence diversification. Genetic diversity calculations require the clearance of a majority of infected cells, the obvious predator being anti-HIV immune responses. Indeed, infiltration of germinal centers (GCs) by HIV-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes has been described. A corollary to this description would be limited diffusion of virus within lymphoid structures. HIV efficiently infects and replicates mainly in activated CD4(+) T lymphoblasts. These cells are found within GCs after their activation in the adjacent periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS). Here GCs and PALS have been dissected from consecutive 10-micrometer sections through splenic tissue from three HIV-1-infected patients. Nested PCR amplification of the two first hypervariable regions of the env gene indicated that 38-78% of sections contained HIV-infected cells. Since there are several hundred CD4(+) T cells per GC section, approximately 0.09-0.64% harbor proviral DNA. Such a low frequency not only suggests that virions on the follicular dendritic cell surfaces do not readily infect adjacent T cells but also indicates highly restricted spread of HIV within GCs and the PALS. Sections were heavily infiltrated by CD8(+) cells, which, together with a large body of extant data, suggests that the majority of infected cells are destroyed by HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes before becoming productively infected. Finally, sequence analysis revealed that those HIV-positive cells were multiply infected, which helps explain widespread recombination despite a low overall frequency of infected cells.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.