ArticleJournal of virology2001
Calpain inhibition protects against virus-induced apoptotic myocardial injury.
Article in Journal of virology, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inhibition of calpain-mediated BAX cleavage attenuates Japanese encephalitis virus-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Calpain-2 facilitates infection of the intracellular bacteria Listeria monocytogenes and invasion intestinal immune barrier by impairing nitric oxide homeostasis.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Review
- Cell Killing by Reovirus: Mechanisms and Consequences.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2023Review
- Dual-Reporter System for Real-Time Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Activity in Live Cells Enables Identification of an Allosteric Inhibition Path.ACS bio & med chem Au · 2022Article
- Inhibition of calpain reduces cell apoptosis by suppressing mitochondrial fission in acute viral myocarditis.Cell biology and toxicology · 2022Article
- The M2 Gene Is a Determinant of Reovirus-Induced Myocarditis.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- The multi-functional reovirus σ3 protein is a virulence factor that suppresses stress granule formation and is associated with myocardial injury.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Calpain inhibitor and ibudilast rescue β cell functions in a cellular model of Wolfram syndrome.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Isolation and identification of two new strains of mammalian orthoreovirus from Chinese tree shrews.Archives of virology · 2020Article
- SARS-CoV-2: An Update on Potential Antivirals in Light of SARS-CoV Antiviral Drug Discoveries.Vaccines · 2020Review
- Inhibition of calpain alleviates coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis through suppressing the canonical NLRP3 inflammasome/caspase-1-mediated and noncanonical caspase-11-mediated pyroptosis pathways.American journal of translational research · 2020Article
- Article
- CD163Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Oncolytic Reovirus and Immune Checkpoint Inhibition as a Novel Immunotherapeutic Strategy for Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2018Article
- Dual roles of calpain in facilitating Coxsackievirus B3 replication and prompting inflammation in acute myocarditis.International journal of cardiology · 2016Article
- Cloning and characterization of Bax1 and Bax2 genes of Ctenopharyngodon idellus and evaluation of transcript expression in response to grass carp reovirus infection.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2016Article
- Reovirus receptors, cell entry, and proapoptotic signaling.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2013Review
- Apoptosis induced by mammalian reovirus is beta interferon (IFN) independent and enhanced by IFN regulatory factor 3- and NF-κB-dependent expression of Noxa.Journal of virology · 2012Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Viral myocarditis is an important cause of human morbidity and mortality for which reliable and effective therapy is lacking. Using reovirus strain 8B infection of neonatal mice, a well-characterized experimental model of direct virus-induced myocarditis, we now demonstrate that myocardial injury results from apoptosis. Proteases play a critical role as effectors of apoptosis. The activity of the cysteine protease calpain increases in reovirus-infected myocardiocytes and can be inhibited by the dipeptide alpha-ketoamide calpain inhibitor Z-Leu-aminobutyric acid-CONH(CH(2))3-morpholine (CX295). Treatment of reovirus-infected neonatal mice with CX295 protects them against reovirus myocarditis as documented by (i) a dramatic reduction in histopathologic evidence of myocardial injury, (ii) complete inhibition of apoptotic myocardial cell death as identified by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling, (iii) a reduction in serum creatine phosphokinase, and (iv) improved weight gain. These findings are the first evidence for the importance of a calpain-associated pathway of apoptotic cell death in viral disease. Inhibition of apoptotic signaling pathways may be an effective strategy for the treatment of viral disease in general and viral myocarditis in particular.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.