ArticleJournal of virology2001
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag gene encodes an internal ribosome entry site.
Article in Journal of virology, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 104 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 166 citations in OpenAlex.
- DB-IRES: a deep learning model based on ensemble learning for predicting internal ribosome entry sites.BMC bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Decoding the Structural Complexity of Viral RNAs with SHAPE to Guide Antiviral Therapeutics.Viruses · 2026Review
- Beyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- DEAD-box helicase intrinsically disordered domains and structural dynamics of HIV-1 RNA are required to reveal DDX3X catalytic efficiency.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Review
- Review
- Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K promotes cap-independent translation initiation of retroviral mRNAs.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Host-like RNA Elements Regulate Virus Translation.Viruses · 2024Review
- A novel protein encoded by circVPS13D attenuates antiviral innate immunity by targeting MAVS in teleost fish.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Review
- Eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4G2 opens novel paths for protein synthesis in development, apoptosis and cell differentiation.Cell proliferation · 2023Review
- Subgenomic RNAs and Their Encoded Proteins Contribute to the Rapid Duplication of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Progression.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Upstream of N-Ras (Unr/CSDE1) Interacts with NCp7 and Gag, Modulating HIV-1 IRES-Mediated Translation Initiation.Viruses · 2022Article
- HIV UTR, LTR, and Epigenetic Immunity.Viruses · 2022Review
- When Poly(A) Binding Proteins Meet Viral Infections, Including SARS-CoV-2.Journal of virology · 2022Review
- Review
- The double-stranded RNA-binding protein, Staufen1, is an IRES-transacting factor regulating HIV-1 cap-independent translation initiation.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- HIV-1 hypermethylated guanosine cap licenses specialized translation unaffected by mTOR.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Identification of cryptic putative IRESs within the ORF encoding the nonstructural proteins of the human rhinovirus 16 genome.Archives of virology · 2021Article
- Non-Canonical Translation Initiation Mechanisms Employed by Eukaryotic Viral mRNAs.Biochemistry. Biokhimiia · 2021Review
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Several retroviruses have recently been shown to promote translation of their gag gene products by internal ribosome entry. In this report, we show that mRNAs containing the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gag open reading frame (ORF) exhibit internal ribosome entry site (IRES) activity that can promote translational initiation of Pr55(gag). Remarkably, this IRES activity is driven by sequences within the gag ORF itself and is not dependent on the native gag 5'-untranslated region (UTR). This cap-independent mechanism for Pr55(gag) translation may help explain the high levels of translation of this protein in the face of major RNA structural barriers to scanning ribosomes found in the gag 5' UTR. The gag IRES activity described here also drives translation of a novel 40-kDa Gag isoform through translational initiation at an internal AUG codon found near the amino terminus of the Pr55(gag) capsid domain. Our findings suggest that this low-abundance Gag isoform may be important for wild-type replication of HIV-1 in cultured cells. The activities of the HIV-1 gag IRES may be an important feature of the HIV-1 life cycle and could serve as a novel target for antiretroviral therapeutic strategies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.