ArticleInfection and immunity2001
Dendritic cells phagocytose and are activated by Treponema pallidum.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differential effects of primary and latent syphilis co-infection on immune reconstitution and virological failure in HIV-positive adults on ART.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Syphilis Pathogenesis: Host Immune Response vs Pathogen Immune Evasion.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Review
- The Significance of the Cell-Mediated Host Immune Response in Syphilis.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Treponema pallidum recombinant protein Tp0768 enhances the ability of HUVECs to promote neutrophil chemotaxis through the TLR2/ER stress signaling pathway.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2024Article
- CDC Laboratory Recommendations for Syphilis Testing, United States, 2024.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2024Article
- New prospects of cancer therapy based on pyroptosis and pyroptosis inducers.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2024Review
- Immunophenotypic variations in syphilis: insights from Mendelian randomization analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Review
- Syphilis vaccine: challenges, controversies and opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Genome-Wide MicroRNA Analysis of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Reveals Elevated miR-142-3p Expression as a Potential Biomarker for Secondary Syphilis.BioMed research international · 2021Article
- MicroRNA expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells associated with syphilis.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- The outer membrane protein Tp92 of Treponema pallidum induces human mononuclear cell death and IL-8 secretion.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2018Article
- Syphilis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2017Review
- Spirochetal Lipoproteins and Immune Evasion.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Similarities in the Markers of Inflammation Between Men With Syphilis and Women With Increased Risk of HIV Acquisition.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2016Article
- IL12Rβ1: the cytokine receptor that we used to know.Cytokine · 2015Review
- The Cross-Talk between Spirochetal Lipoproteins and Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2014Review
- Article
- Immune evasion and recognition of the syphilis spirochete in blood and skin of secondary syphilis patients: two immunologically distinct compartments.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2012Article
- Syphilis: using modern approaches to understand an old disease.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2011Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cell-mediated immune processes play a prominent role in the clinical manifestations of syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease of humans caused by spirochetal bacterium Treponema pallidum. The immune cell type that initiates the early immune response to T. pallidum thus far has not been identified. However, dendritic cells (DCs) are the first immune-competent cells to encounter antigens within skin or mucous membranes, the principal sites of early syphilitic infection. In the present study, immature DC line XS52, derived from murine skin, was utilized to examine T. pallidum-DC interactions and subsequent DC activation (maturation). Electron microscopy revealed that T. pallidum was engulfed by DCs via both coiling and conventional phagocytosis and was delivered to membrane-bound vacuoles. The XS52 DC line expressed surface CD14 and mRNA for Toll-like receptors 2 and 4, molecules comprising important signaling components for immune cell activation by bacterial modulins. Both T. pallidum and a synthetic lipopeptide (corresponding to the 47-kDa major membrane lipoprotein) activated the XS52 DC line, as indicated by the secretion of interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and IL-6 and elevated surface expression of CD54. The combined data support the contention that DCs stimulated by T. pallidum and/or its proinflammatory membrane lipoproteins are involved in driving the cellular immune processes that typify syphilis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.