ArticleInfection and immunity2001
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-deficient mice have impaired resistance to blood-stage malaria.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neutrophil-macrophage crosstalk network in acute lung injury: feedback circuits linking cytokine storm and cell death.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- mGem: When immunity turns against itself-GM-CSF autoantibodies drive opportunistic infection risk.mBio · 2025Review
- Pathogenesis-driven treatment of primary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024Review
- A toxicology study ofMolecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2024Article
- Pathogenesis of Anemia in Canine Babesiosis: Possible Contribution of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines-A Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Role of GM-CSF in lung balance and disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- GM-CSFCell reports · 2022Article
- The Role of GM-CSF Autoantibodies in Infection and Autoimmune Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis: A Concise Review.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Splenic Innate B1 B Cell Plasmablasts Produce Sustained Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and Interleukin-3 Cytokines during Murine Malaria Infections.Infection and immunity · 2019Article
- The Pleiotropic Effects of the GM-CSF Rheostat on Myeloid Cell Differentiation and Function: More Than a Numbers Game.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Modulation of innate immune responses at birth by prenatal malaria exposure and association with malaria risk during the first year of life.BMC medicine · 2018Article
- Host genetics in malaria: lessons from mouse studies.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2018Review
- GM-CSF Quantity Has a Selective Effect on Granulocytic vs. Monocytic Myeloid Development and Function.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- MCP-1, KC-like and IL-8 as critical mediators of pathogenesis caused by Babesia canis.PloS one · 2018Article
- Article
- Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor Derived from CD4+ T Cells Contributes to Control of a Blood-Borne Infection.PLoS pathogens · 2016Article
- Role of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Signaling in Regulating Neutrophil Antifungal Activity and the Oxidative Burst During Respiratory Fungal Challenge.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Osteoclasts Are Required for Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Mobilization but Not for Stress Erythropoiesis in Plasmodium chabaudi adami Murine Malaria.Mediators of inflammation · 2016Article
- Targeting GM-CSF in inflammatory diseases.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2016Review
- Toll-like receptor 7 mediates early innate immune responses to malaria.Infection and immunity · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The contribution of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a hematopoietic and immunoregulatory cytokine, to resistance to blood-stage malaria was investigated by infecting GM-CSF-deficient (knockout [KO]) mice with Plasmodium chabaudi AS. KO mice were more susceptible to infection than wild-type (WT) mice, as evidenced by higher peak parasitemia, recurrent recrudescent parasitemia, and high mortality. P. chabaudi AS-infected KO mice had impaired splenomegaly and lower leukocytosis but equivalent levels of anemia compared to infected WT mice. Both bone marrow and splenic erythropoiesis were normal in infected KO mice. However, granulocyte-macrophage colony formation was significantly decreased in these tissues of uninfected and infected KO mice, and the numbers of macrophages in the spleen and peritoneal cavity were significantly lower than in infected WT mice. Serum levels of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) were found to be significantly higher in uninfected KO mice, and the level of this cytokine was not increased during infection. In contrast, IFN-gamma levels were significantly above normal levels in infected WT mice. During infection, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) levels were significantly increased in KO mice and were significantly higher than TNF-alpha levels in infected WT mice. Our results indicate that GM-CSF contributes to resistance to P. chabaudi AS infection and that it is involved in the development of splenomegaly, leukocytosis, and granulocyte-macrophage hematopoiesis. GM-CSF may also regulate IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha production and activity in response to infection. The abnormal responses seen in infected KO mice may be due to the lack of GM-CSF during development, to the lack of GM-CSF in the infected mature mice, or to both.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.