ReviewClinical pharmacokinetics2000
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cephalosporins in cerebrospinal fluid.
Review in Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety of ceftriaxone in paediatrics: a systematic review.Archives of disease in childhood · 2020Pooled it
- Optimization of the treatment with beta-lactam antibiotics in critically ill patients-guidelines from the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (Société Française de Pharmacologie et Thérapeutique-SFPT) and the French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine (Société Française d'Anesthésie et Réanimation-SFAR).Critical care (London, England) · 2019Guideline
- Prolonged infusion of linezolid is associated with improved pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) profiles in patients with external ventricular drains.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2021Trial
- Systemic pharmacokinetics and cerebrospinal fluid uptake of intravenous ceftriaxone in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2014Trial
- [Complications of acute otitis media].HNO · 2026Review
- Neurotoxicity of Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics in Urinary Tract Infections: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.Advances in urology · 2026Review
- Ceftriaxone alters the gut microbiome composition and reduces alcohol intake in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Ceftazidime-related neurotoxicity in a patient with renal impairment: a case report and literature review.Infection · 2024Review
- Molecular Mechanisms of Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide-Mediated Organic Anion Clearance at the Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier.Molecular pharmacology · 2023Article
- Penicillin-SusceptibleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Study of β-lactam-based drug interaction with albumin protein using optical, sensing, and docking methods.Journal of biological physics · 2022Article
- Article
- Challenge of evolvingInternational journal of medical sciences · 2022Review
- Understanding central nervous system efficacy of antimicrobials.Intensive care medicine · 2019Article
- Phenotypic assays in yeast and zebrafish reveal drugs that rescueBrain communications · 2019Article
- Clinical pharmacokinetics of antibacterials in cerebrospinal fluid.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2013Review
- Microdialysis study of cefotaxime cerebral distribution in patients with acute brain injury.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2013Article
- Pharmacokinetics of antibacterial agents in the CSF of children and adolescents.Paediatric drugs · 2013Review
- Adenosine and glutamate signaling in neuron-glial interactions: implications in alcoholism and sleep disorders.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2012Review
- Environmental conditions modulate neurotoxic effects of psychomotor stimulant drugs of abuse.International review of neurobiology · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Largely because of their low lipophilicity, cephalosporins poorly penetrate through the blood-brain barrier, achieving relatively low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations. However, the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of the extended spectrum cephalosporins for common meningeal pathogens are generally low; thus, therapeutic CSF drug concentrations several-fold greater than the MBC can be achieved with currently recommended dosage regimens. However, the effectiveness of cephalosporin therapy is unreliable in patients with meningitis caused by highly penicillin-resistant pneumococci. As in other body sites, the bactericidal activity of cephalosporins in CSF predominantly depends on the time their concentrations exceed the MBC of infecting organisms (t>MBC). Experimental studies show that, for maximal efficacy, t>MBC values greater than 90% of the dosage interval are required in meningitis. Such values are usually achieved in humans with currently recommended dosage regimens because the half-lives of cephalosporins are 2- to 3-fold longer in CSF than in serum. Several advanced generation cephalosporins have shown equal efficacy in clinical trials, but only cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime are currently approved for the treatment of patients with bacterial meningitis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.