ArticleImmunology2000
Mapping of the chicken immunoglobulin heavy-chain constant region gene locus reveals an inverted alpha gene upstream of a condensed upsilon gene.
Article in Immunology, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unique chicken B cell development: species-specific mechanisms and contradictory requirements of B cell receptor for post-hatched B cell development.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The role of chromatin loop extrusion in antibody diversification.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2022Review
- A potential nomenclature for the Immuno Polymorphism Database (IPD) of chicken MHC genes: progress and problems.Immunogenetics · 2020Review
- Article
- Tracing the Origins of IgE, Mast Cells, and Allergies by Studies of Wild Animals.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Three IgH isotypes, IgM, IgA and IgY are expressed in Gentoo penguin and zebra finch.PloS one · 2017Article
- Fish Immunoglobulins.Biology · 2016Review
- B Cell-Based Seamless Engineering of Antibody Fc Domains.PloS one · 2016Article
- The immunoglobulins of cold-blooded vertebrates.Biomolecules · 2014Review
- Defense genes missing from the flight division.Developmental and comparative immunology · 2013Review
- IgH loci of American alligator and saltwater crocodile shed light on IgA evolution.Immunogenetics · 2013Article
- Immunoglobulin genes of the turtles.Immunogenetics · 2013Article
- The astonishing diversity of Ig classes and B cell repertoires in teleost fish.Frontiers in immunology · 2013Article
- Extensive diversification of IgH subclass-encoding genes and IgM subclass switching in crocodilians.Nature communications · 2013Article
- Immunoglobulin genes and diversity: what we have learned from domestic animals.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2012Article
- Analysis of immunoglobulin transcripts in the ostrich Struthio camelus, a primitive avian species.PloS one · 2012Article
- Evolution of duplicated IgH loci in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar.BMC genomics · 2010Article
- IgY: a promising antibody for use in immunodiagnostic and in immunotherapy.Veterinary immunology and immunopathology · 2010Review
- Peripheral B cell tolerance and function in transgenic mice expressing an IgD superantigen.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2010Article
- Identification of IgF, a hinge-region-containing Ig class, and IgD in Xenopus tropicalis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2006Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chicken antibodies are increasingly being used as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. As only the genomic organization of the micro encoding gene was previously known, we analysed the chicken immunoglobulin Y (IgY) and IgA (upsilon and alpha chain) immunoglobulin heavy-chain constant region (IGHC) genes and the organization of the chicken IGHC locus. The alpha gene is encoded by four separate exons, whereas, surprisingly, there is no intervening DNA sequence between the CH1 and CH2 domains of the IgY heavy chain, which is thus encoded by three exons separated by two introns. DNA sequence analysis shows that the exon boundaries of the chicken IGHC genes are not consistent with published domain borders. Furthermore, differences in DNA sequence confirm the existence of IgY, IgA and IgM allotypes in chickens. Finally, our results show that the IGHC genes of chicken (IgY, IgA and IgM) are all colocated on chromosome E18C15W15, where the alpha gene is located upstream of the upsilon gene in an inverted transcriptional orientation. The distances between the mu and alpha genes and the alpha and upsilon genes are about 18 and 15 kilobases, respectively, and thus, the size of the whole chicken IGHC locus is approximately 67 kilobases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.