ArticleThe American journal of pathology2000
Human nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoreticular tissues. Functional analysis of subepithelial and intraepithelial B and T cells from adenoids and tonsils.
Article in The American journal of pathology, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Association Between Granular Changes on Epipharyngeal Endoscopy and Allergen Sensitization in Chronic Epipharyngitis.Reports (MDPI) · 2026Article
- Mucosal immunity: mechanism and application in cancer immunotherapy.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- CD9Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Th17/Treg Imbalance Reveals Local-Systemic Immune Dissociation in Nasopharyngeal Inflammation and Its Association with Endoscopic Severity.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Mucosal Vaccine Development: From Adjuvant Design to Next-Generation Delivery Strategies.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Aberrant signaling in tonsillar B cells producing pathogenicFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Single cell transcriptional analysis of human adenoids identifies molecular features of airway microfold cells.Mucosal immunology · 2025Article
- Parallel comparison of T cell and B cell subpopulations of adenoid hypertrophy and tonsil hypertrophy of children.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Temporal profiling of human lymphoid tissues reveals coordinated defense against viral challenge.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- Engineering human immune organoids for translational immunology.Bioactive materials · 2025Review
- Immune organoids: emerging platforms for modeling and analyzing human adaptive immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- ScLinear predicts protein abundance at single-cell resolution.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Targeting aerosol delivery to regions of nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) in three dimensional models of human intranasal airways using the BiVax intranasal atomizer.Frontiers in drug delivery · 2024Article
- Mucosal immunity in upper and lower respiratory tract to MERS-CoV.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Article
- Live attenuated influenza vaccine induces broadly cross-reactive mucosal antibody responses to different influenza strains in tonsils.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2023Article
- Adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 persist in the pharyngeal lymphoid tissue of children.Nature immunology · 2023Article
- Age-related changes of the innate immune system of the palatine tonsil in a healthy cohort.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Adenoid Hypertrophy Risk in Children Carriers of G-1082A Polymorphism ofLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Subepithelial and intraepithelial lymphocytes of human adenoids and tonsils were characterized and directly compared to determine the potential contribution of these tissues to mucosal and systemic immune responses. The distribution of T and B cell subsets, cytokine patterns, and antibody (Ab) isotype profiles were similar for adenoids and tonsils. Both tissues contained predominantly B cells ( approximately 65%), approximately 5% macrophages, and 30% CD3(+) T cells. The T cells were primarily of the CD4(+) subset ( approximately 80%). Tonsillar intraepithelial lymphocytes were also enriched in B cells. The analysis of dispersed cells revealed a higher frequency of cells secreting IgG than IgA and the predominant Ig subclass profiles were IgG1 > IgG3 and IgA1 > IgA2, respectively. In situ analysis also revealed higher numbers of IgG- than IgA-positive cells. These IgG-positive cells were present in the epithelium and in the subepithelial zones of both tonsils and adenoids. Mitogen-triggered T cells from tonsils and adenoids produced both Th1- and Th2-type cytokines, clearly exhibiting their pluripotentiality for support of cell-mediated and Ab responses. Interestingly, antigen-specific T cells produced interferon-gamma and lower levels of interleukin-5. These results suggest that adenoids and tonsils of the nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoreticular tissues represent a distinct component of the mucosal-associated lymphoreticular tissues with features of both systemic and mucosal compartments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.