ArticleJournal of virology2000
Apelin, the natural ligand of the orphan seven-transmembrane receptor APJ, inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 entry.
Article in Journal of virology, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- How muscle talks to brain: apelin protein mediates exercise-induced antidepressant effects.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Cardiomyocyte-Derived Apelin Rescues Viral Myocarditis-Induced Cardiac Lymphatic Dysfunction and Remodeling.JACC. Basic to translational science · 2026Article
- Virus-Host Protein Interaction Network of the Hepatitis E Virus ORF2-4 by Mammalian Two-Hybrid Assays.Viruses · 2023Article
- The Interaction of Apelin and FGFR1 Ameliorated the Kidney Fibrosis through Suppression of TGFOxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2023Article
- Article
- Predictive and Diagnostic Value of Serum Adipokines in Pregnant Women with Intrahepatic Cholestasis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CVII. Structure and Pharmacology of the Apelin Receptor with a Recommendation that Elabela/Toddler Is a Second Endogenous Peptide Ligand.Pharmacological reviews · 2019Review
- Apelinergic System Structure and Function.Comprehensive Physiology · 2017Review
- Discovery of a novel small molecule agonist scaffold for the APJ receptor.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry · 2016Article
- Directed Molecular Evolution of an Engineered Gammaretroviral Envelope Protein with Dual Receptor Use Shows Stable Maintenance of Both Receptor Specificities.Journal of virology · 2016Article
- High apelin levels could be used as a diagnostic marker in multiple myeloma: A comparative study.Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers · 2016Article
- The apelin receptor: physiology, pathology, cell signalling, and ligand modulation of a peptide-activated class A GPCR.Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire · 2014Review
- Small expression tags enhance bacterial expression of the first three transmembrane segments of the apelin receptor.Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire · 2014Article
- Apelin-12 and its structural analog enhance antioxidant defense in experimental myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2014Article
- The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: G protein-coupled receptors.British journal of pharmacology · 2013Article
- Pancreatitis activates pancreatic apelin-APJ axis in mice.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2013Article
- Apelin acts in the subfornical organ to influence neuronal excitability and cardiovascular function.The Journal of physiology · 2013Article
- Involvement of a Stat3 binding site in inflammation-induced enteric apelin expression.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2008Article
- Immunohistochemical localization of apelin in human normal breast and breast carcinoma.Journal of molecular histology · 2008Article
- Inhibition of HIV-1 fusion with small interfering RNAs targeting the chemokine coreceptor CXCR4.Gene therapy · 2004Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In addition to the CCR5 and CXCR4 chemokine receptors, a subset of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates can also use the seven-transmembrane-domain receptor APJ as a coreceptor. A previously identified ligand of APJ, apelin, specifically inhibited the entry of primary T-tropic and dualtropic HIV-1 isolates from different clades into cells expressing CD4 and APJ. Analysis of apelin analogues demonstrated that potent and specific antiviral activity was retained by a 13-residue, arginine-rich peptide. Antiviral potency was influenced by the integrity of methionine 75, which contributes to APJ-binding affinity, and by the retention of apelin residues 63 to 65. These studies demonstrate the ability of a small peptide ligand to block the function of APJ as an HIV-1 coreceptor, identify apelin sequences important for the inhibition, and provide new reagents for the investigation of the significance of APJ to HIV-1 infection and pathogenesis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.