ArticleInfection and immunity2000
Immunopathologic effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha in murine mycobacterial infection are dose dependent.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 197 citations in OpenAlex.
- Expanded polyfunctional T cell response to mycobacterial antigens in TB disease and contraction post-treatment.PloS one · 2010Trial
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- Dysregulation of the JNK signaling pathway in tuberculosis: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Type I interferons in bacterial diseases: myeloid cells at the crossroads of protection and pathology.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
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- Potential of Neuroinflammation-Modulating Strategies in Tuberculous Meningitis: Targeting Microglia.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- Metabolic changes enhance necroptosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Preventive effects ofFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Recent Advances in Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis and Malaria.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
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- Alternative Vaccination Routes against Paratuberculosis Modulate Local Immune Response and Interference with Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Laboratory Animal Models.Veterinary sciences · 2020Article
- 7-oxo-DHEA enhances impaired M. tuberculosis-specific T cell responses during HIV-TB coinfection.Journal of biomedical science · 2020Article
- Effects of calcitriol on oxidative burst, phagocytic function, and leukocyte cytokine production in shelter dogs.Canine medicine and genetics · 2020Article
- Live Vaccines Have Different NK Cells and Neutrophils Requirements for the Development of a Protective Immune Response Against Tuberculosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- GABAergic signaling linked to autophagy enhances host protection against intracellular bacterial infections.Nature communications · 2018Article
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- Protective effects of a traditional herbal extract from Stellaria dichotoma var. lanceolata against Mycobacterium abscessus infections.PloS one · 2018Article
- The Immune Mechanisms of Lung Parenchymal Damage in Tuberculosis and the Role of Host-Directed Therapy.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Review
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In experimental mycobacterial infection, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is required for control of bacillary growth and the protective granulomatous response, but may cause immunopathology. To directly examine the positive and detrimental effects of this cytokine, a murine model was used in which different amounts of TNF-alpha were delivered to the site of infection. Mice with a disruption in the TNF-alpha gene (TNF-KO) or wild-type mice were infected with low or high doses of recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG that secreted murine TNF-alpha (BCG-TNF). Infection of TNF-KO mice with BCG containing the vector (BCG-vector) at a low dose led to increased bacillary load in all organs and an extensive granulomatous response in the lungs and spleen. The mice succumbed to the infection by approximately 40 days. However, when TNF-KO mice were infected with low doses of BCG-TNF, bacillary growth was controlled, granulomas were small and well differentiated, the spleen was not enlarged, and the mice survived. Infection with high inocula of BCG-TNF resulted in bacterial clearance, but was accompanied by severe inflammation in the lungs and spleen and earlier death compared to the results from the mice infected with high inocula of BCG-vector. Wild-type mice controlled infection with either recombinant strain, but showed decreased survival following high-dose BCG-TNF infection. The effects of TNF-alpha required signaling through an intact receptor, since the differential effects were not observed when TNF-alpha receptor-deficient mice were infected. The results suggest that the relative amount of TNF-alpha at the site of infection determines whether the cytokine is protective or destructive.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.