ArticleInfection and immunity2000
Cytokine induction by Streptococcus mutans and pulpal pathogenesis.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 135 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Tailored 70S30C Bioactive glass induces severe inflammation as pulpotomy agent in primary teeth: an interim analysis of a randomised controlled trial.Clinical oral investigations · 2021Trial
- Impact of treating dental caries on schoolchildren's anthropometric, dental, satisfaction and appetite outcomes: a randomized controlled trial.BMC public health · 2012Trial
- The Relationship Between Pulpal Diagnostic Conditions and Potential Inflammatory Biomarkers.International endodontic journal · 2026Article
- Pulpitis as a microbial disease: single-cell insights into host responses and diagnostic biomarkers for vital pulp therapy.Journal of oral microbiology · 2026Review
- Diagnostic utility of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13) in pulpal blood for assessing pulpitis severity.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Biocompatibility and antimicrobial effect of demineralised dentin matrix hydrogel for dental pulp preservation.Odontology · 2025Article
- Interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels in gingival crevicular fluid during root canal treatment of molar teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: impact of varying sodium hypochlorite concentrations.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- The Efficacy of Different Antibiotic Compounds in Regenerative Treatment of Immature Necrotic Teeth.Frontiers in dentistry · 2024Article
- Increased IL-12p70 and IL-8 Produced by Monocytes in Response toInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Antibacterial and Immunomodulatory Properties of Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth: AnInternational journal of clinical pediatric dentistry · 2023Article
- Extracellular matrix remodelling in dental pulp tissue of carious human teeth through the prism of single-cell RNA sequencing.International journal of oral science · 2023Article
- Leptin in Dental Pulp and Periapical Tissues: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Current State and Challenges of the Global Outcomes of Dental Caries Research in the Meta-Omics Era.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Clinical, radiological, and histological correlation in diagnosis of pulpitis.Dental research journal · 2022Article
- Multifaceted effect of caffeic acid against Streptococcus mutans infection: microbicidal and immunomodulatory agent in macrophages.Archives of microbiology · 2021Article
- Association between Oral Pathology, Carotid Stenosis, and Oral Bacterial DNA in Cerebral Thrombi of Patients with Stroke.Stroke research and treatment · 2021Article
- Article
- The Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms Involved in Irreversible Pulp Neural Inflammation.Disease markers · 2021Article
- Deep metagenomics examines the oral microbiome during dental caries, revealing novel taxa and co-occurrences with host molecules.Genome research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic pulpal inflammation under caries appears to be elicited by bacterial antigens that diffuse into the pulp through dentinal tubules. This prompted the hypothesis that cytokines elicited by antigens from Streptococcus mutans, which frequently dominates shallow lesions, could play a major role in eliciting the initial T-cell response in the pulp. To test this, we examined the ability of S. mutans to stimulate T cells and elicit cytokines and used Lactobacillus casei, which often predominates in deep carious lesions where B cells and plasma cells predominate, as a control. In addition, the presence of cytokines in the pulp was analyzed at the mRNA level. S. mutans elicited potent gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures and reduced the CD4/CD8 ratio by promoting CD8(+) T cells. Multiple inflammatory cytokine mRNAs (IFN-gamma, interleukin 4 [IL-4], and IL-10) were detected in human dental pulp. A higher prevalence of IFN-gamma (67%) than IL-4 (19%) or IL-10 (29%) was obtained in shallow caries, suggesting a type 1 cytokine mechanism in early pulpitis where S. mutans predominates. In contrast, in deep caries no differences in cytokine frequency were observed. Furthermore, the presence of IFN-gamma in the pulp correlated with the presence of S. mutans. The extraordinary induction of type 1 cytokines and the preferential activation of CD8(+) T cells by S. mutans offers an explanation for the etiology of the CD8(+) T-cell-dominant lesion in early pulpitis and suggests that S. mutans may have a major impact on the initial lesion and pulpal pathology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.