ArticleInfection and immunity2000
Isolation and characterization of a Shigella flexneri invasin complex subunit vaccine.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of WRSs2, a live-attenuated Shigella sonnei vaccine, against shigellosis in a controlled human infection model in the USA: a phase 2, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Safety and Immunogenicity of a Candidate Bioconjugate Vaccine against Shigella flexneri 2a Administered to Healthy Adults: a Single-Blind, Randomized Phase I Study.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2016Trial
- Characterization ofApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
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- Development of themSphere · 2023Article
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- Characterization of Functional B-Cell Epitopes at the Amino Terminus ofApplied and environmental microbiology · 2022Article
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- Recent Progress inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Invaplex functions as an intranasal adjuvant for subunit and DNA vaccines co-delivered in the nasal cavity of nonhuman primates.Vaccine: X · 2021Article
- Vaccines for Protecting Infants from Bacterial Causes of Diarrheal Disease.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- Vaccines against gastroenteritis, current progress and challenges.Gut microbes · 2020Review
- Immune Response Characterization after Controlled Infection with Lyophilized Shigella sonnei 53G.mSphere · 2020Article
- Establishment of a Controlled Human Infection Model with a Lyophilized Strain of Shigella sonnei 53G.mSphere · 2020Article
- Antibodies Inhibiting the Type III Secretion System of Gram-Negative Pathogenic Bacteria.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Consensus Report on Shigella Controlled Human Infection Model: Conduct of Studies.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The invasiveness and virulence of Shigella spp. are largely due to the expression of plasmid-encoded virulence factors, among which are the invasion plasmid antigens (Ipa proteins). After infection, the host immune response is directed primarily against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the virulence proteins (IpaB, IpaC, and IpaD). Recent observations have indicated that the Ipa proteins (IpaB, IpaC, and possibly IpaD) form a multiprotein complex capable of inducing the phagocytic event which internalizes the bacterium. We have isolated a complex of invasins and LPS from water-extractable antigens of virulent shigellae by ion-exchange chromatography. Western blot analysis of the complex indicates that all of the major virulence antigens of Shigella, including IpaB, IpaC, and IpaD, and LPS are components of this macromolecular complex. Mice or guinea pigs immunized intranasally with purified invasin complex (invaplex), without any additional adjuvant, mounted a significant immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibody response against the Shigella virulence antigens and LPS. The virulence-specific response was very similar to that previously noted in primates infected with shigellae. Guinea pigs (keratoconjunctivitis model) or mice (lethal lung model) immunized intranasally on days 0, 14, and 28 and challenged 3 weeks later with virulent shigellae were protected from disease (P<0.01 for both animal models).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.