ArticleJournal of clinical microbiology2000
Genetic diversity of protease and reverse transcriptase sequences in non-subtype-B human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains: evidence of many minor drug resistance mutations in treatment-naive patients.
Article in Journal of clinical microbiology, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 186 citations in OpenAlex.
- Performance of Applied Biosystems ViroSeq HIV-1 Genotyping System for sequence-based analysis of non-subtype B human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from Uganda.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2001Trial
- Review
- Comparing mutational pathways to lopinavir resistance in HIV-1 subtypes B versus C.PLoS computational biology · 2021Article
- PERSIA for Direct Fluorescence Measurements of Transcription, Translation, and Enzyme Activity in Cell-Free Systems.ACS synthetic biology · 2019Article
- Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 Virus in Puerto Rico: Novel Cases of HIV-1 Subtype C, D, and CRF-24BG.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2018Article
- HIV-1 genetic diversity and primary drug resistance mutations before large-scale access to antiretroviral therapy, Republic of Congo.BMC research notes · 2017Article
- Divergent HIV-1 strains (CRF92_C2U and CRF93_cpx) co-circulating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Phylogenetic insights on the early evolutionary history of subtype C.Virus evolution · 2017Article
- On the contribution of Angola to the initial spread of HIV-1.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Viral Genetic Diversity and Polymorphisms in a Cohort of HIV-1-Infected Patients Eligible for Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in Abuja, Nigeria.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2015Article
- In vitro selection of HIV-1 CRF08_BC variants resistant to reverse transcriptase inhibitors.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2015Article
- Resistance mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 protease to inhibitors: A molecular dynamic approach.Molecular biology research communications · 2014Article
- Article
- Reverse transcriptase backbone can alter the polymerization and RNase activities of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase mutants K101E+G190S.The Journal of general virology · 2013Article
- HIV-1 genetic diversity and drug resistance among Senegalese patients in the public health system.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2013Article
- Virological outcome and patterns of HIV-1 drug resistance in patients with 36 months' antiretroviral therapy experience in Cameroon.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2013Article
- HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping from antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve and first-line treatment failures in Djiboutian patients.Diagnostic pathology · 2012Article
- Treatment-associated polymorphisms in protease are significantly associated with higher viral load and lower CD4 count in newly diagnosed drug-naive HIV-1 infected patients.Retrovirology · 2012Article
- Effect of natural polymorphisms in the HIV-1 CRF02_AG protease on protease inhibitor hypersusceptibility.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2012Article
- Critical differences in HIV-1 and HIV-2 protease specificity for clinical inhibitors.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2012Article
- Energetic basis for drug resistance of HIV-1 protease mutants against amprenavir.Journal of computer-aided molecular design · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Most human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug susceptibility studies have involved subtype B strains. Little information on the impact of viral diversity on natural susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs has been reported. However, the prevalence of non-subtype-B (non-B) HIV type 1 (HIV-1) strains continues to increase in industrialized countries, and antiretroviral treatments have recently become available in certain developing countries where non-B subtypes predominate. We sequenced the protease and reverse transcriptase (RT) genes of 142 HIV-1 isolates from antiretroviral-naive patients: 4 belonged to group O and 138 belonged to group M (9 subtype A, 13 subtype B, 2 subtype C, 5 subtype D, 2 subtype F1, 9 subtype F2, 4 subtype G, 5 subtype J, 2 subtype K, 3 subtype CRF01-AE, 67 subtype CRF02-AG, and 17 unclassified isolates). No major mutations associated with resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) or protease inhibitors were detected. Major mutations linked to resistance to non-NRTI agents were detected in all group O isolates (A98G and Y181C) and in one subtype J virus (V108I). In contrast, many accessory mutations were found, especially in the protease gene. Only 5.6% of the 142 strains, all belonging to subtype B or D, had no mutations in the protease gene. Sixty percent had one mutation, 22.5% had two mutations, 9.8% had three mutations, and 2.1% (all group O strains) had four mutations. In order of decreasing frequency, the following mutations were identified in the protease gene: M36I (86.6%), L10I/V (26%), L63P (12.6%), K20M/R (11.2%), V77I (5.6%), A71V (2.8%), L33F (0.7%), and M46I (0.7%). R211K, an accessory mutation associated with NRTI resistance, was also observed in 43.6% of the samples. Phenotypic and clinical studies are now required to determine whether multidrug-resistant viruses emerge more rapidly during antiretroviral therapy when minor resistance-conferring mutations are present before treatment initiation.
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