ArticleJournal of virology2000
Hepatitis C virus internal ribosome entry site (IRES) stem loop IIId contains a phylogenetically conserved GGG triplet essential for translation and IRES folding.
Article in Journal of virology, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structure and function of type IV IRES in picornaviruses: a systematic review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- Distribution and structural diversity of type IV internal ribosome entry sites.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- A bicistronic viral genome uses a compact type IV IRES near its 3' end to express a transmembrane protein.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Identification of conserved RNA secondary structures in human respiratory syncytial virus A (hRSV A).NAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Internal ribosome entry sites enhance translation in trans in antisense non-coding SINEUP and circular RNAs.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Structural diversity and biological role of the 5' untranslated regions of picornavirus.RNA biology · 2023Review
- The Role of the RNA-RNA Interactome in the Hepatitis C Virus Life Cycle.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Structure-function analysis of the equine hepacivirus 5' untranslated region highlights the conservation of translational mechanisms across the hepaciviruses.The Journal of general virology · 2019Article
- Mutational Analysis of the Bovine Hepacivirus Internal Ribosome Entry Site.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- Quasispecies Changes with Distinctive Point Mutations in the Hepatitis C Virus Internal Ribosome Entry Site (IRES) Derived from PBMCs and Plasma.Advances in virology · 2018Article
- Cellular mRNA recruits the ribosome via eIF3-PABP bridge to initiate internal translation.RNA biology · 2017Article
- Using Morpholinos to Control Gene Expression.Current protocols in nucleic acid chemistry · 2017Article
- The chaperone-like activity of the hepatitis C virus IRES and CRE elements regulates genome dimerization.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- The 5BSL3.2 Functional RNA Domain Connects Distant Regions in the Hepatitis C Virus Genome.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Review
- Review
- Article
- HCVIVdb: The hepatitis-C IRES variation database.BMC microbiology · 2016Article
- Staufen1 promotes HCV replication by inhibiting protein kinase R and transporting viral RNA to the site of translation and replication in the cells.Nucleic acids research · 2016Article
- LOOP IIId of the HCV IRES is essential for the structural rearrangement of the 40S-HCV IRES complex.Nucleic acids research · 2016Article
- Base pairing between hepatitis C virus RNA and 18S rRNA is required for IRES-dependent translation initiation in vivo.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) internal ribosome entry site (IRES) is a highly structured RNA element that directs cap-independent translation of the viral polyprotein. Morpholino antisense oligonucleotides directed towards stem loop IIId drastically reduced HCV IRES activity. Mutagenesis studies of this region showed that the GGG triplet (nucleotides 266 through 268) of the hexanucleotide apical loop of stem loop IIId is essential for IRES activity both in vitro and in vivo. Sequence comparison showed that apical loop nucleotides (UUGGGU) were absolutely conserved across HCV genotypes and the GGG triplet was strongly conserved among related Flavivirus and Pestivirus nontranslated regions. Chimeric IRES elements with IIId derived from GB virus B (GBV-B) in the context of the HCV IRES possess translational activity. Mutations within the IIId stem loop that abolish IRES activity also affect the RNA structure in RNase T(1)-probing studies, demonstrating the importance of correct RNA folding to IRES function.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.