ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2000
Fluconazole plus cyclosporine: a fungicidal combination effective against experimental endocarditis due to Candida albicans.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Perpetrator effects of ciclosporin (P-glycoprotein inhibitor) and its combination with fluconazole (CYP3A inhibitor) on the pharmacokinetics of rivaroxaban in healthy volunteers.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2019Trial
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- Echinocandin tolerance and persistencemBio · 2026Article
- Calcium transport systems as virulence determinants: Mechanistic insights into fungal pathogenicity and antifungal resistance.Virulence · 2025Review
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- A Calcineurin Regulator MoRCN1 Is Important for Asexual Development, Stress Response, and Plant Infection ofFrontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- Drug repurposing strategies in the development of potential antifungal agents.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2021Review
- The Antifungal Activity of HMA, an Amiloride Analog and Inhibitor of NaFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Drug Resistance and Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Invasive Candidiasis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Combination of Miconazole and Domiphen Bromide Is Fungicidal against Biofilms of ResistantAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2020Article
- Screening Repurposing Libraries for Identification of Drugs with Novel Antifungal Activity.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2020Review
- Review
- Structural design of microbicidal cationic oligomers and their synergistic interaction with azoles against Candida albicans.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Dissecting the Roles of the Calcineurin Pathway in Unisexual Reproduction, Stress Responses, and Virulence inGenetics · 2018Article
- Antifungal activity of caspofungin in experimental infective endocarditis caused by Candida albicans.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2017Article
- Antifungal Activity of the Ethanol Extract fromEvidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2017Article
- Calcineurin as a Multifunctional Regulator: Unraveling Novel Functions in Fungal Stress Responses, Hyphal Growth, Drug Resistance, and Pathogenesis.Fungal biology reviews · 2014Article
- In vitro interactions of calcineurin inhibitors with conventional antifungal agents against the yeast form of Penicillium marneffei.Mycopathologia · 2014Article
- pH signaling in human fungal pathogens: a new target for antifungal strategies.Eukaryotic cell · 2014Review
- Kch1 family proteins mediate essential responses to endoplasmic reticulum stresses in the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent observations demonstrated that fluconazole plus cyclosporine (Cy) synergistically killed Candida albicans in vitro. This combination was tested in rats with C. albicans experimental endocarditis. The MICs of fluconazole and Cy for the test organism were 0.25 and >10 mg/liter, respectively. Rats were treated for 5 days with either Cy, amphotericin B, fluconazole, or fluconazole-Cy. Although used at high doses, the peak concentrations of fluconazole in the serum of rats (up to 4.5 mg/liter) were compatible with high-dose fluconazole therapy in humans. On the other hand, Cy concentrations in serum (up to 4.5 mg/liter) were greater than recommended therapeutic levels. Untreated rats demonstrated massive pseudohyphal growth in both the vegetations and the kidneys. However, only the kidneys displayed concomitant polymorphonuclear infiltration. The therapeutic results reflected this dissociation. In the vegetations, only the fungicidal fluconazole-Cy combination significantly decreased fungal densities compared to all groups, including amphotericin B (P < 0.0001). In the kidneys, all regimens except the Cy regimen were effective, but fluconazole-Cy remained superior to amphotericin B and fluconazole alone in sterilizing the organs (P < 0.0001). While the mechanism responsible for the fluconazole-Cy interaction is hypothetical, this observation opens new perspectives for fungicidal combinations between azoles and other drugs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.