ArticleInfection and immunity2000
Expression of peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein is required for virulence in the human model of Haemophilus ducreyi infection.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Class IInfection and immunity · 2019Trial
- The Tol-Pal System Promotes Pseudoiodinine Production by Enhancing Bacterial Growth inMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Molecular pathogenesis ofMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- The peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein gene mutant elicits robust immunological defense in mice againstFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Roles of the Tol/Pal System in Bacterial Pathogenesis and Its Application to Antibacterial Therapy.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Breaking down the cell wall: Still an attractive antibacterial strategy.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Article
- Roles of the Tol-Pal system in the Type III secretion system and flagella-mediated virulence in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- The multifarious roles of Tol-Pal in Gram-negative bacteria.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2020Review
- Interactions of the Skin PathogenFrontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Article
- The Tol-Pal System of UropathogenicFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein ofJournal of oral microbiology · 2018Article
- Outer membrane protein P4 is not required for virulence in the human challenge model of Haemophilus ducreyi infection.BMC microbiology · 2014Article
- Activation of CpxRA in Haemophilus ducreyi primarily inhibits the expression of its targets, including major virulence determinants.Journal of bacteriology · 2013Article
- Permeases of the sap transporter are required for cathelicidin resistance and virulence of Haemophilus ducreyi in humans.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2012Article
- Expression of the Flp proteins by Haemophilus ducreyi is necessary for virulence in human volunteers.BMC microbiology · 2011Article
- A Haemophilus ducreyi CpxR deletion mutant is virulent in human volunteers.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2011Article
- A unique Coxiella burnetii lipoprotein involved in metal binding (LimB).Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2011Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Haemophilus ducreyi expresses a peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (PAL) that exhibits extensive homology to Haemophilus influenzae protein 6. We constructed an isogenic PAL mutant (35000HP-SMS4) by the use of a suicide vector that contains lacZ as a counterselectable marker. H. ducreyi 35000HP-SMS4 and its parent, 35000HP, had similar growth rates in broth and similar lipooligosaccharide profiles. 35000HP-SMS4 formed smaller, more transparent colonies than 35000HP and, unlike its parent, was hypersensitive to antibiotics. Complementation of the mutant in trans restored the parental phenotypes. To test whether expression of PAL is required for virulence, nine human volunteers were experimentally infected. Each subject was inoculated with two doses (41 to 89 CFU) of live 35000HP and one dose of heat-killed bacteria on one arm and with three doses (ranging from 28 to 800 CFU) of live 35000HP-SMS4 on the other arm. Papules developed at similar rates at sites inoculated with the mutant or parent but were significantly smaller at mutant-inoculated sites than at parent-inoculated sites. The pustule formation rate was 72% (95% confidence interval [CI], 46.5 to 90.3%) at 18 parent sites and 11% (95% CI, 2.4 to 29.2%) at 27 mutant sites (P < 0.0001). The rates of recovery of H. ducreyi from surface cultures were 8% (n = 130; 95% CI, 4.3 to 14.6%) for parent-inoculated sites and 0% (n = 120; 95% CI, 0.0 to 2.5%) for mutant-inoculated sites (P < 0.001). H. ducreyi was recovered from six of seven biopsied parent-inoculated sites and from one of three biopsied mutant-inoculated sites. Confocal microscopy confirmed that the bacteria present in a mutant inoculation site pustule lacked a PAL-specific epitope. Although biosafety regulations precluded our testing the complemented mutant in humans, these results suggest that expression of PAL facilitates the ability of H. ducreyi to progress to the pustular stage of disease.
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