ArticleInfection and immunity2000
Secretion of RTX leukotoxin by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cellugyrin (Synaptogyrin-2) Regulates Macrophage Phagocytosis ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Molecular Analysis ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A Rose by Any Other Name: The Long Intricate History of Localized Aggressive Periodontitis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Toxin-triggered liposomes for the controlled release of antibiotics to treat infections associated with the gram-negative bacterium, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces · 2024Article
- Therapeutic Applications ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Heterogeneity of Size and Toxin Distribution inToxins · 2024Article
- Connections between Exoproteome Heterogeneity and Virulence in the Oral Pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.mSystems · 2022Article
- Complete Genome Sequence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Strain CU1000N.Microbiology resource announcements · 2022Article
- Applications of Catechins in the Treatment of Bacterial Infections.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Epigallocatechin gallate alters leukotoxin secretion and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans virulence.The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology · 2021Article
- Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin: From mechanism to targeted anti-toxin therapeutics.Molecular oral microbiology · 2020Review
- Aggregatibacter, A Low Abundance Pathobiont That Influences Biogeography, Microbial Dysbiosis, and Host Defense Capabilities in Periodontitis: The History of A Bug, And Localization of Disease.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Herpesvirus-bacteria synergistic interaction in periodontitis.Periodontology 2000 · 2020Review
- Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits leukotoxin release by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans by promoting association with the bacterial membrane.Molecular oral microbiology · 2020Article
- Differential Cell Lysis Among Periodontal Strains of JP2 and Non-JP2 Genotype ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Review
- Review
- Article
- Article
- Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, a potent immunoregulator of the periodontal host defense system and alveolar bone homeostasis.Molecular oral microbiology · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, the etiologic agent for localized juvenile periodontitis and certain other human infections, such as endocarditis, expresses a leukotoxin that acts on polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages. Leukotoxin is a member of the highly conserved repeat toxin (RTX) family of bacterial toxins expressed by a variety of pathogenic bacteria. While the RTX toxins of other bacterial species are secreted, the leukotoxin of A. actinomycetemcomitans is thought to remain associated with the bacterial cell. We have examined leukotoxin production and localization in rough (adherent) and smooth (nonadherent) strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans. We found that leukotoxin expressed by the rough, adherent, clinical isolate CU1000N is indeed cell associated, as expected. However, we were surprised to find that smooth, nonadherent strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans, including Y4, JP2 (a strain expressing a high level of toxin), and CU1060N (an isogenic smooth variant of CU1000N), secrete an abundance of leukotoxin into the culture supernatants during early stages of growth. After longer times of incubation, leukotoxin disappears from the supernatants, and its loss is accompanied by the appearance of a number of low-molecular-weight polypeptides. The secreted leukotoxin is active, as evidenced by its ability to kill HL-60 cells in vitro. We found that the growth phase and initial pH of the growth medium significantly affect the abundance of secreted leukotoxin, and we have developed a rapid (<2 h) method to partially purify large amounts of leukotoxin. Remarkably, mutations in the tad genes, which are required for tight nonspecific adherence of A. actinomycetemcomitans to surfaces, cause leukotoxin to be released from the bacterial cell. These studies show that A. actinomycetemcomitans has the potential to secrete abundant leukotoxin. It is therefore appropriate to consider a possible role for leukotoxin secretion in the pathogenesis of A. actinomycetemcomitans.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.