ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2000
The osmolyte xylitol reduces the salt concentration of airway surface liquid and may enhance bacterial killing.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Randomized Controlled Study of Aerosolized Hypertonic Xylitol Versus Hypertonic Saline in Hospitalized Patients With Exacerbation of Cystic Fibrosis
Randomized Cross Over Study of Inhaled Hypertonic Xylitol Versus Hypertonic Saline in Stable Subjects With Cystic Fibrosis
Clinical Efficacy of Xylitol Based Nasal Spray for the Treatment of Mild COVID-19 Infection
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 132 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Tham Nasal Alkalinization on Airway Microbial Communities: A Pilot Study in Non-CF and CF Adults.The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology · 2022Trial
- Randomized controlled study of aerosolized hypertonic xylitol versus hypertonic saline in hospitalized patients with pulmonary exacerbation of cystic fibrosis.Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society · 2020Trial
- ETCare: a randomized, controlled, masked trial comparing two solutions for upper airway care in the NICU.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2007Trial
- Safety assessment of inhaled xylitol in mice and healthy volunteers.Respiratory research · 2004Trial
- The Oral and Nasal Gateway Microbiomes: Salivaomics and Systemic Health at the Airway-Digestive Interface.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Effect of supplementation on biofilms and antibiotic efficacy againstIranian journal of microbiology · 2025Review
- Efficacy and Safety of Xylitol Nasal Irrigation after Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Study.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Cystic Fibrosis Carrier States Are Associated With More Severe Cases of Bronchiectasis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Dicarbonyl/L-xylulose reductase (DCXR) producing xylitol regulates egg retention through osmolality control inAnimal cells and systems · 2022Article
- Current Perspective on Nasal Delivery Systems for Chronic Rhinosinusitis.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Biological and Pharmacological Potential of Xylitol: A Molecular Insight of Unique Metabolism.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Results of a RCT assessing saline and xylitol nasal irrigation for CRS and fatigue in Gulf War illness.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2020Article
- Xylitol treats nasal mucosa in rhinitis medicamentosa: an experimental rat model study.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2019Article
- Review
- The ACEII recombinant Trichoderma reesei QM9414 strains with enhanced xylanase production and its applications in production of xylitol from tree barks.Microbial cell factories · 2016Article
- Mupirocin in the Treatment of Staphylococcal Infections in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Meta-Analysis.PloS one · 2016Article
- Dicarbonyl L-xylulose reductase (DCXR), a "moonlighting protein" in the bovine epididymis.PloS one · 2015Article
- State of progress in treating cystic fibrosis respiratory disease.BMC medicine · 2012Review
- Genome comparison of the epiphytic bacteria Erwinia billingiae and E. tasmaniensis with the pear pathogen E. pyrifoliae.BMC genomics · 2010Article
- Role of glycerol addition on xylose-to-xylitol bioconversion by Candida guilliermondii.Current microbiology · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The thin layer of airway surface liquid (ASL) contains antimicrobial substances that kill the small numbers of bacteria that are constantly being deposited in the lungs. An increase in ASL salt concentration inhibits the activity of airway antimicrobial factors and may partially explain the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis (CF). We tested the hypothesis that an osmolyte with a low transepithelial permeability may lower the ASL salt concentration, thereby enhancing innate immunity. We found that the five-carbon sugar xylitol has a low transepithelial permeability, is poorly metabolized by several bacteria, and can lower the ASL salt concentration in both CF and non-CF airway epithelia in vitro. Furthermore, in a double-blind, randomized, crossover study, xylitol sprayed for 4 days into each nostril of normal volunteers significantly decreased the number of nasal coagulase-negative Staphylococcus compared with saline control. Xylitol may be of value in decreasing ASL salt concentration and enhancing the innate antimicrobial defense at the airway surface.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.