ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2000
Engagement of the PD-1 immunoinhibitory receptor by a novel B7 family member leads to negative regulation of lymphocyte activation.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 2,702 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neoadjuvant Nivolumab, or Nivolumab in Combination With Ipilimumab, in Resectable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.
Phase II Trial of Lymphodepletion and Anti-PD-1 Blockade to Reduce Relapse in High Risk AML Patients Who Are Not Eligible for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation
Neoadjuvant Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Resectable Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Who cites it
2,702 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 5,184 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global trends of peripheral immune tolerance research: a bibliometric and visualization analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Progress in immunotherapy for resectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Anti-inflammatory effects of immunotherapy in clinical treatment and its potential mechanism in alleviating sleeping disorders: A systematic bibliometric study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Pooled it
- Budigalimab, an anti-PD-1 inhibitor, for people living with HIV-1: a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 1b study.Nature medicine · 2025Trial
- Combined Targeting of PD-1 and TIM-3 in Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: AMBER Part 2B.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Trial
- Review
- Inhibitory receptor profiles for joint prediction of benefit and toxicity in immune checkpoint blockade.iScience · 2026Review
- Article
- The immunology of human breast cancer.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: Mechanism and pharmacological strategies.Pharmacological research · 2026Review
- Dodonaea viscosa in Breast Cancer: Phytochemistry, Anticancer Mechanisms, and Emerging Immunotherapeutic and Translational Perspectives.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- NLRX1 is a critical neutrophil checkpoint modulating ferroptosis and suppressing NETosis to attenuate joint damage in arthritis.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Article
- UV irradiation drives lineage-specific MITF-mediated transcription of PD-L1 to confer immune tolerance to UV-mutated melanocytes.Immunity · 2026Article
- Review
- Immune checkpoints and immunoregulation in metabolic diseases and cancers: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- PRMT5-mediated intron retention triggers innate and adaptive immunity against cancer.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- p53 hotspot mutants attenuate CTL-mediated tumor cell killing through a novel ALKBH5-YTHDF3-PD-L1 pathway.Oncogene · 2026Article
- Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Their Derived Extracellular Vesicles: a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Autoimmune Hepatitis.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Extending the concept of 'exhausted T-cells' to idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
2,642 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
PD-1 is an immunoinhibitory receptor expressed by activated T cells, B cells, and myeloid cells. Mice deficient in PD-1 exhibit a breakdown of peripheral tolerance and demonstrate multiple autoimmune features. We report here that the ligand of PD-1 (PD-L1) is a member of the B7 gene family. Engagement of PD-1 by PD-L1 leads to the inhibition of T cell receptor-mediated lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine secretion. In addition, PD-1 signaling can inhibit at least suboptimal levels of CD28-mediated costimulation. PD-L1 is expressed by antigen-presenting cells, including human peripheral blood monocytes stimulated with interferon gamma, and activated human and murine dendritic cells. In addition, PD-L1 is expressed in nonlymphoid tissues such as heart and lung. The relative levels of inhibitory PD-L1 and costimulatory B7-1/B7-2 signals on antigen-presenting cells may determine the extent of T cell activation and consequently the threshold between tolerance and autoimmunity. PD-L1 expression on nonlymphoid tissues and its potential interaction with PD-1 may subsequently determine the extent of immune responses at sites of inflammation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.