ArticleInfection and immunity2000
Salmonella pathogenicity island 1-independent induction of apoptosis in infected macrophages by Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers.
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Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed.
- Proteomic Analysis ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Programmed cell death pathways coordinate neutrophil and macrophage clearance in zebrafish and are differentially exploited by Salmonella Typhimurium.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Innate detection ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Single-cell analysis of genetically minimized Salmonella reveals effector gene cooperation in vivo.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- The Salmonella phage shock protein system is required for defense against host antimicrobial peptides.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Designing live bacterial therapeutics for cancer.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2025Review
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- Distinct mechanisms of type 3 secretion system recognition control LTB4 synthesis in neutrophils and macrophages.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Salmonella Typhimurium exploits host polyamines for assembly of the type 3 secretion machinery.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Distinct Mechanisms of Type 3 Secretion System Recognition Control LTBbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
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- Unraveling the role of type 1 fimbriae in Salmonella pathogenesis: insights from a comparative analysis of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Gallinarum.Poultry science · 2023Article
- One species, different diseases: the unique molecular mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of typhoidal Salmonella infections.Current opinion in microbiology · 2023Review
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- Virulence factors perforate the pathogen-containing vacuole to signal efferocytosis.Cell host & microbe · 2022Article
- Reciprocally rewiring and repositioning the Integration Host Factor (IHF) subunit genes inMicrobial genomics · 2022Article
- How the PhoP/PhoQ System Controls Virulence and MgMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2021Review
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- The potential of Akkermansia muciniphila in inflammatory bowel disease.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2021Review
- Type I interferon remodels lysosome function and modifies intestinal epithelial defense.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The enteric pathogen Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium induces apoptosis in infected macrophages. This process is rapid, specific, and depends on the type III protein secretion system encoded within Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1). Here, we demonstrate that serotype Typhimurium can activate programmed macrophage cell death independently of SPI1. SPI1 independent induction of apoptosis in infected macrophages is observed as early as 12 to 13 h postinfection, even in the absence of intracellular bacterial replication. Delayed activation of programmed macrophage cell death is not observed with serotype Typhimurium strains mutated in ompR or SPI2. Even though SPI2 mutants have a defect in intracellular proliferation, our results indicate that long-term intracellular survival and growth are not required for delayed macrophage killing per se, since Salmonella mutants that are severely defective in intracellular growth still induce delayed apoptosis. Inactivation of genes required for either rapid or delayed induction of apoptosis results in a conditional noncytotoxic phenotype, whereas simultaneous inactivation of genes required for both rapid and delayed induction of apoptosis renders serotype Typhimurium noncytotoxic under all conditions tested. Our hypothesis is that differential activation of programmed macrophage cell death by serotype Typhimurium occurs under discrete physiological conditions at distinct locations within an infected host.
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