Trial reportAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2000
Comparative pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, grepafloxacin, levofloxacin, trovafloxacin, and moxifloxacin after single oral administration in healthy volunteers.
Trial report in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 184 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interethnic differences in pharmacokinetics of antibacterials.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2015Pooled it
- Identifying 24 h variation in the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin: a population pharmacokinetic approach.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2016Trial
- Four-month moxifloxacin-based regimens for drug-sensitive tuberculosis.The New England journal of medicine · 2014Trial
- Efficacy of levofloxacin in the treatment of BK viremia: a multicenter, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2014Trial
- Levofloxacin can be used effectively as a positive control in thorough QT/QTc studies in healthy volunteers.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2010Trial
- Multiple-dose safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of oral nemonoxacin (TG-873870) in healthy volunteers.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2010Trial
- Urinary bactericidal activity of extended-release ciprofloxacin (1,000 milligrams) versus levofloxacin (500 milligrams) in healthy volunteers receiving a single oral dose.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2006Trial
- Levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin decrease procainamide and N-acetylprocainamide renal clearances.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2005Trial
- Effects of enteral feeding on the oral bioavailability of moxifloxacin in healthy volunteers.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2005Trial
- Multiple-dose safety and pharmacokinetics of oral garenoxacin in healthy subjects.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2003Trial
- Fluoroquinolone-Associated Disability: A Rodent Model Reveals Transient Neuropsychiatric and Persistent Gastrointestinal Effects of Low-Dose Ciprofloxacin.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Role of circulating T follicular helper subsets following Ty21a immunization and oral challenge with wild typeFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Evaluation of drug-induced liver toxicity of trovafloxacin and levofloxacin in a human microphysiological liver model.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Infant Exposure to Antituberculosis Drugs via Breast Milk and Assessment of Potential Adverse Effects in Breastfed Infants: Critical Review of Data.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Hydrolytic Enzymes as Potentiators of Antimicrobials against an Inter-Kingdom Biofilm Model.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Pharmacodynamics of Moxifloxacin, Meropenem, Caspofungin, and Their Combinations againstAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2022Article
- Estimating combined health risks of nanomaterials and antibiotics from natural water: a proposed framework.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Optimization Strategies Aimed to Increase the Efficacy ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Gene expression responses to anti-tuberculous drugs in a whole blood model.BMC microbiology · 2020Article
- The Power of Resolution: Contextualized Understanding of Biological Responses to Liver Injury Chemicals Using High-throughput Transcriptomics and Benchmark Concentration Modeling.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In an open, randomized, six-period crossover study, the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, grepafloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and trovafloxacin were compared after a single oral dose in 12 healthy volunteers (6 men and 6 women). The volunteers received 250 mg of ciprofloxacin, 400 mg of gatifloxacin, 600 mg of grepafloxacin, 500 mg of levofloxacin, 400 mg of moxifloxacin, and 200 mg of trovafloxacin. The concentrations of the six fluoroquinolones in serum and urine were measured by a validated high-performance liquid chromatography method. Blood and urine samples were collected before and at different time points up to 48 h after medication. Levofloxacin had the highest peak concentration (C(max), in micrograms per milliliter) (6.21+/-1.34), followed by moxifloxacin (4.34+/-1.61) and gatifloxacin (3.42+/-0.74). Elimination half-lives ranged from 12.12+/-3.93 h (grepafloxacin) to 5.37+/-0.82 h (ciprofloxacin). The total areas under the curve (AUC(tot), in microgram-hours per milliliter) for levofloxacin (44.8+/-4.4), moxifloxacin (39.3+/-5.35), and gatifloxacin (30+/-3.8) were significantly higher than that for ciprofloxacin (5.75+/-1.25). Calculated from a normalized dose of 200 mg, the highest C(max)s (in micrograms per milliliter) were observed for levofloxacin (2.48 +/-0.53), followed by moxifloxacin (2.17+/-0.81) and trovafloxacin (2.09+/-0.58). The highest AUC(tot) (in microgram-hours per milliliter) for a 200-mg dose were observed for moxifloxacin (19.7+/-2.67) and trovafloxacin (19.5+/-3.1); the lowest was observed for ciprofloxacin (4.6+/-1.0). No serious adverse event was observed during the study period. The five recently developed fluoroquinolones (gatifloxacin, grepafloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and trovafloxacin) showed greater bioavailability, longer half-lives, and higher C(max)s than ciprofloxacin.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.