ArticleMolecular biology of the cell2000
Actin-dependent lamellipodia formation and microtubule-dependent tail retraction control-directed cell migration.
Article in Molecular biology of the cell, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers.
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Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 235 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Emergence of multiple collective motility modes in a physical model of cell chains.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2025Article
- Physical confinement and phagocytic uptake induce directional migration.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Focal adhesions contain three specialized actin nanoscale layers.Nature communications · 2024Article
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- Fascin-1 in Cancer Cell Metastasis: Old Target-New Insights.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
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- S100A8/S100A9 Integrates F-Actin and Microtubule Dynamics to Prevent Uncontrolled Extravasation of Leukocytes.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- CLASP2 facilitates dynamic actin filament organization along the microtubule lattice.Molecular biology of the cell · 2023Article
- Proteomic Markers for Mechanobiological Properties of Metastatic Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Multiple centrosomes enhance migration and immune cell effector functions of mature dendritic cells.The Journal of cell biology · 2022Article
- Possible Mechanisms of Resistance Development to Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) In Vulvar Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Article
- Microfluidic Lab-on-a-Chip for Studies of Cell Migration under Spatial Confinement.Biosensors · 2022Review
- The Role of Cytoskeletal Proteins in the Formation of a Functional In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Microtubule destabilization is a critical checkpoint of chemotaxis and transendothelial migration in melanoma cells but not in T cells.Cell adhesion & migration · 2021Article
- Article
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Migrating cells are polarized with a protrusive lamella at the cell front followed by the main cell body and a retractable tail at the rear of the cell. The lamella terminates in ruffling lamellipodia that face the direction of migration. Although the role of actin in the formation of lamellipodia is well established, it remains unclear to what degree microtubules contribute to this process. Herein, we have studied the contribution of microtubules to cell motility by time-lapse video microscopy on green flourescence protein-actin- and tubulin-green fluorescence protein-transfected melanoma cells. Treatment of cells with either the microtubule-disrupting agent nocodazole or with the stabilizing agent taxol showed decreased ruffling and lamellipodium formation. However, this was not due to an intrinsic inability to form ruffles and lamellipodia because both were restored by stimulation of cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in a Rac-dependent manner, and by stem cell factor in melanoblasts expressing the receptor tyrosine kinase c-kit. Although ruffling and lamellipodia were formed without microtubules, the microtubular network was needed for advancement of the cell body and the subsequent retraction of the tail. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the formation of lamellipodia can occur via actin polymerization independently of microtubules, but that microtubules are required for cell migration, tail retraction, and modulation of cell adhesion.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.