ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2000
B cells of HIV-1-infected patients bind virions through CD21-complement interactions and transmit infectious virus to activated T cells.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 195 citations in OpenAlex.
- Single cell analysis of lymph node tissue from HIV-1 infected patients reveals that the majority of CD4+ T-cells contain one HIV-1 DNA molecule.PLoS pathogens · 2013Trial
- Potent human immunodeficiency virus-neutralizing and complement lysis activities of antibodies are not obligatorily linked.Journal of virology · 2008Trial
- Productive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in peripheral blood predominantly takes place in CD4/CD8 double-negative T lymphocytes.Journal of virology · 2007Trial
- Effect of hepatitis C virus coinfection on humoral immune alterations in naïve HIV-infected adults on HAART: a three year follow-up study.Journal of clinical immunology · 2005Trial
- HIV-producing resting T cells monopolize virus production, associated PANoptosis, and persistence in lymphoid tissue.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Pathological Mechanisms Involved in HIV-Associated Lymphomagenesis: Novel Targeted Therapeutic Approaches.Cells · 2025Review
- Role of FHOD1 in tumor cells and tumor immune microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Immune Responses in Lung Granulomas during Mtb/HIV Co-Infection: Implications for Pathogenesis and Therapy.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Antigen Presenting Cell-Mediated HIV-1Medical research archives · 2023Article
- HIV infection and the implication for COVID-19 vaccination.Public health challenges · 2022Review
- Marginal Zone B-Cell Populations and Their Regulatory Potential in the Context of HIV and Other Chronic Inflammatory Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Modulation of Cellular MicroRNA by HIV-1 in Burkitt Lymphoma Cells-A Pathway to Promoting Oncogenesis.Genes · 2021Article
- Clinical and Molecular Properties of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Related Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- EBV renders B cells susceptible to HIV-1 in humanized mice.Life science alliance · 2020Article
- In the Crosshairs: RNA Viruses OR Complement?Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Early ART in Acute HIV-1 Infection: Impact on the B-Cell Compartment.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Article
- Co- but not Sequential Infection of DCs Boosts Their HIV-Specific CTL-Stimulatory Capacity.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- The Quest for Cellular Markers of HIV Reservoirs: Any Color You Like.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 induces a regulatory B cell-like phenotype in vitro.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2018Article
- HIV-1 targets L-selectin for adhesion and induces its shedding for viral release.Nature communications · 2018Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The impact of HIV-associated immunopathogenesis on B cells has been largely associated with indirect consequences of viral replication. This study demonstrates that HIV interacts directly with B cells in both lymphoid tissues and peripheral blood. B cells isolated from lymph node and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 4 and 23 chronically infected patients, respectively, demonstrated similar capacities to pass virus to activated HIV-negative PBMCs when compared with CD4(+) cells from the same patients. However, in contrast to T cells, virus associated with B cells was surface bound, as shown by its sensitivity to pronase and the staining pattern revealed by in situ amplification of HIV-1 RNA. Cell sorting and ligand displacing approaches established that CD21 was the HIV-binding receptor on B cells, and that this association was mediated through complement-opsonized virus. These B cells were also found to express significantly lower levels of CD21 compared with HIV-negative individuals, suggesting a direct perturbing effect of HIV on B cells. These findings suggest that B cells, although they themselves are not readily infected by HIV, are similar to follicular dendritic cells in their capacity to serve as extracellular reservoirs for HIV-1. Furthermore, B cells possess the added capability of circulating in peripheral blood and migrating through tissues where they can potentially interact with and pass virus to T cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.