ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2000
Both Th1- and Th2-derived cytokines in serum are elevated in Graves' ophthalmopathy.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of IL-6 and IL-17 with thyroid eye disease.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Clinical efficacy of Yingliu mixture combined with metimazole for treating diffuse goitre with hyperthyroidism and its impact on related cytokines.Pharmaceutical biology · 2017Trial
- The role of monoclonal antibodies against IL-6 or IL-6R in the treatment of thyroid eye disease.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- What has changed in thyroid eye disease in the last five years (2020-2025).European thyroid journal · 2026Review
- Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin concentration is associated with disease activity and predicts response to treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone in patients with Graves' orbitopathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Molecular Biomarkers in Thyroid Eye Disease: A Literature Review.Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery · 2023Review
- Novel Approaches for Immunosuppression in Graves' Hyperthyroidism and Associated Orbitopathy.European thyroid journal · 2020Article
- Teprotumumab Treatment for Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy.European thyroid journal · 2020Article
- Integrating Differential Gene Expression Analysis with Perturbagen-Response Signatures May Identify Novel Therapies for Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy.Translational vision science & technology · 2020Article
- Differential profiling of lacrimal cytokines in patients suffering from thyroid-associated orbitopathy.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- The thyroid, the eyes and the gut: a possible connection.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2017Review
- Th1, Th2, and Th17 Cytokine Involvement in Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy.Disease markers · 2015Article
- Current concepts in the molecular pathogenesis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2014Review
- Thyroid-associated orbitopathy: Current insights into the pathophysiology, immunology and management.Saudi journal of ophthalmology : official journal of the Saudi Ophthalmological Society · 2011Article
- A stimulatory thyrotropin receptor antibody (M22) and thyrotropin increase interleukin-6 expression and secretion in Graves' orbital preadipocyte fibroblasts.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2010Article
- The relationship between thyroid function, serum monokine induced by interferon gamma and soluble interleukin-2 receptor in thyroid autoimmune diseases.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2009Article
- Unique attributes of orbital fibroblasts and global alterations in IGF-1 receptor signaling could explain thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2008Review
- Analysis of sFas IL-6 levels in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: Pre- or poststeroid pulse treatment.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2008Article
- New understanding of the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2004Review
- Unlocking the immunological mechanisms of orbital inflammation in thyroid eye disease.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2002Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Increased serum cytokine levels have been reported in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease, but less is known about their levels in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). It is not known whether GO is a cell-mediated or humoral autoimmune disease. We investigated whether serum cytokines are elevated in GO patients and whether the cytokines were Th1- or Th2-derived. In addition, elevated cytokines might reflect the activity of GO, and thus we investigated whether cytokine levels could predict the clinical response to orbital radiotherapy. We studied 62 consecutive patients with moderately severe untreated GO and 62 healthy controls, matched for sex, age and smoking habits. Serum concentrations of IL-1RA, sIL-2R, IL-6, sIL-6R, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) RI and II and sCD30 were measured using highly sensitive ELISAs, in the patients before and 3 and 6 months after radiotherapy. All patients were euthyroid, with anti-thyroid drugs, before and during the entire study period. All baseline cytokine and cytokine receptor levels were significantly elevated in GO patients compared with healthy controls, except for IL-1RA. The levels did not correlate with parameters of the thyroid disease, nor with the duration, activity or severity of GO. However, backward logistic regression analysis showed that IL-6, sCD30 and TNFalphaRI were able to predict a beneficial response to orbital radiotherapy. We therefore conclude that both Th1- and Th2-derived cytokines are elevated in GO patients compared with its controls. IL-6, sCD30 and TNFalphaRI had some value for predicting therapeutic outcome to orbital irradiation, and may thus reflect active eye disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.