ArticleMolecular and cellular biology2000
FRL, a novel formin-related protein, binds to Rac and regulates cell motility and survival of macrophages.
Article in Molecular and cellular biology, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cdc42 and Rac2 act through the formin-like Frl/FMNL to control lamellocyte shape and encapsulation of parasitoid wasp eggs in Drosophila.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Live-cell magnetic manipulation of recycling endosomes reveals their direct effect on actin protrusions to promote invasive migration.Science advances · 2025Article
- Adaptor protein Abelson interactor 1 in homeostasis and disease.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- FMNL1 and mDia1 promote efficient T cell migration through complex environments via distinct mechanisms.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Characteristic gene expression in the liver monocyte-macrophage-DC system is associated with the progression of fibrosis in NASH.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Actin polymerization and depolymerization in developing vertebrates.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Review
- Discovery of anti-Formin-like 1 protein (FMNL1) antibodies in membranous nephropathy and other glomerular diseases.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Global mapping of Salmonella enterica-host protein-protein interactions during infection.Cell host & microbe · 2021Article
- Assembly of a persistent apical actin network by the formin Frl/Fmnl tunes epithelial cell deformability.Nature cell biology · 2020Article
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- Review
- The Formin mDia1 Regulates Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Engraftment, Migration, and ProgressionFrontiers in oncology · 2018Article
- Non-canonical activity of the podosomal formin FMNL1γ supports immune cell migration.Journal of cell science · 2017Article
- Myristoylation: An Important Protein Modification in the Immune Response.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Unique and Overlapping Functions of Formins Frl and DAAM During Ommatidial Rotation and Neuronal Development in Drosophila.Genetics · 2016Article
- The structure of FMNL2-Cdc42 yields insights into the mechanism of lamellipodia and filopodia formation.Nature communications · 2015Article
- Article
- RhoA-mediated FMNL1 regulates GM130 for actin assembly and phosphorylates MAPK for spindle formation in mouse oocyte meiosis.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2015Article
- Characterization of Leukocyte Formin FMNL1 Expression in Human Tissues.The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society · 2014Article
- Formins as effector proteins of Rho GTPases.Small GTPases · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We have isolated a cDNA, frl (formin-related gene in leukocytes), a novel mammalian member of the formin gene family. The frl cDNA encodes a 160-kDa protein, FRL, that possesses FH1, FH2, and FH3 domains that are well conserved among other Formin-related proteins. An FRL protein is mainly localized in the cytosol and is highly expressed in spleen, lymph node, and bone marrow cells. Formin-related genes and proteins have been reported to play crucial roles in morphogenesis, cell polarity, and cytokinesis through interaction with Rho family small GTPases. FRL binds to Rac at its N-terminal region including the FH3 domain and associates with profilin at the FH1 domain. In a macrophage cell line, P388D1, overexpression of a truncated form of FRL containing only the FH3 domain (FH3-FRL) strongly inhibited cell adhesion to fibronectin and migration upon stimulation with a chemokine. Moreover, expression of the truncated FH3-FRL protein resulted in apoptotic cell death of P388D1 cells, suggesting that the truncated FH3-FRL protein may interfere with signals of FRL. Overexpression in the P388D1 cells of full-length FRL or of the truncated protein containing the FH3 and FH1 domains, with simultaneous expression of the truncated FH3-FRL protein, blocked apoptotic cell death and inhibition of cell adhesion and migration. These results suggest that FRL may play a role in the control of reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in association with Rac and also in the regulation of the signal for cell survival.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.