ArticleJournal of virology2000
Sensitivity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to the fusion inhibitor T-20 is modulated by coreceptor specificity defined by the V3 loop of gp120.
Article in Journal of virology, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 480 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
480 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 747 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification and characterization of a long non-coding RNA up-regulated during HIV-1 infection.Virology · 2017Pooled it
- HIV Genome-Wide Protein Associations: a Review of 30 Years of Research.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2016Pooled it
- RV144 HIV-1 vaccination impacts post-infection antibody responses.PLoS pathogens · 2020Trial
- TLR9 agonist MGN1703 enhances B cell differentiation and function in lymph nodes.EBioMedicine · 2019Trial
- Sirtuin2 blockade inhibits replication of human immunodeficiency virus-1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages and humanized mice.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- HIV-1 BG505 SOSIP immunization induced B cell expansion targeting the 465-glycan hole, with neutralizing antibodies exhibiting distinct binding modes and mechanisms of virus inhibition.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Prevotella bivia Influences Antiretroviral Pharmacokinetics and Viral Replication in an Ex Vivo Vaginal Tissue Model.Clinical and translational science · 2026Article
- Selective elimination of myeloid HIV reservoirs by targeting pro-survival pathways.The Journal of infection · 2026Article
- HIV heart inflammation is mediated by HIV infected myeloid cells, HIV-tat secretion, and aberrant function of Connexin43-containing channels.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- KHNYN is a manganese-dependent endoribonuclease required for ZAP-mediated antiviral restriction.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Next-Generation Lipid Prodrugs Orally Deliver Tenofovir via Enhanced Chylomicron Incorporation.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Article
- HIV-2 evades restriction by ZAP through adaptations in the U3 LTR region despite increased CpG levels.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Comprehensive maps of escape mutations from antibodies 10-1074 and 3BNC117 for Envs from two divergent HIV strains.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Mu opioid receptor activation in microglia enhances HIV-1 infection and HIV-infection-induced inflammatory responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- QuickFit: A High-Throughput RT-qPCR-Based Assay to Quantify Viral Growth and Fitness In Vitro.Viruses · 2024Article
- Evaluating HIV-1 Infectivity and Virion Maturation across Varied Producer Cells with a Novel FRET-Based Detection and Quantification Assay.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Metformin Treatment Leads to Increased HIV Transcription and Gene Expression through Increased CREB Phosphorylation and Recruitment to the HIV LTR Promoter.Aging and disease · 2024Article
420 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
T-20 is a synthetic peptide that potently inhibits replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by interfering with the transition of the transmembrane protein, gp41, to a fusion active state following interactions of the surface glycoprotein, gp120, with CD4 and coreceptor molecules displayed on the target cell surface. Although T-20 is postulated to interact with an N-terminal heptad repeat within gp41 in a trans-dominant manner, we show here that sensitivity to T-20 is strongly influenced by coreceptor specificity. When 14 T-20-naive primary isolates were analyzed for sensitivity to T-20, the mean 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) for isolates that utilize CCR5 for entry (R5 viruses) was 0.8 log(10) higher than the mean IC(50) for CXCR4 (X4) isolates (P = 0. 0055). Using NL4.3-based envelope chimeras that contain combinations of envelope sequences derived from R5 and X4 viruses, we found that determinants of coreceptor specificity contained within the gp120 V3 loop modulate this sensitivity to T-20. The IC(50) for all chimeric envelope viruses containing R5 V3 sequences was 0.6 to 0.8 log(10) higher than that for viruses containing X4 V3 sequences. In addition, we confirmed that the N-terminal heptad repeat of gp41 determines the baseline sensitivity to T-20 and that the IC(50) for viruses containing GIV at amino acid residues 36 to 38 was 1.0 log(10) lower than the IC(50) for viruses containing a G-to-D substitution. The results of this study show that gp120-coreceptor interactions and the gp41 N-terminal heptad repeat independently contribute to sensitivity to T-20. These results have important implications for the therapeutic uses of T-20 as well as for unraveling the complex mechanisms of virus fusion and entry.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.