ArticleInfection and immunity2000
T-cell-independent responses to Borrelia burgdorferi are critical for protective immunity and resolution of lyme disease.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
- Borrelia Infections Under B Cell-Depleting Therapies: A Systematic Review of Diagnostic Challenges and Outcomes With Special Focus on Neurological Forms.European journal of neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Mostly getting along -Borrelia burgdorferi and its manipulation of the host immune system.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Review
- Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato Employs Several Escape Mechanisms to Bypass the Human Defense System.European journal of immunology · 2026Review
- Bridging the gap: Insights in the immunopathology of Lyme borreliosis.European journal of immunology · 2024Review
- Scrutinizing Clinical Biomarkers in a Large Cohort of Patients with Lyme Disease and Other Tick-Borne Infections.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Host glycosylation of immunoglobulins impairs the immune response to acute Lyme disease.EBioMedicine · 2024Article
- The Development of a Rabies Virus-Vectored Vaccine againstVaccines · 2024Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing of murine ankle joints over time reveals distinct transcriptional changes followingiScience · 2023Article
- Antigen-Specific CD4 T Cell and B Cell Responses to Borrelia burgdorferi.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- Comparative transcriptome analysis ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is induced during Borrelia burgdorferi infection and inhibits T cell joint infiltration without compromising bacterial clearance.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Article
- CD4 T cell responses in persistent Borrelia burgdorferi infection.Current opinion in immunology · 2022Review
- Genetic Background Amplifies the Effect of Immunodeficiency in Antibiotic Efficacy Against Borrelia burgdorferi.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Single-cell immunophenotyping of the skin lesion erythema migrans identifies IgM memory B cells.JCI insight · 2021Article
- Quantitative multiplexed strategies for human Lyme disease serological testing.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2021Review
- Systemic immune responses in patients with early localized or early disseminated Borrelia afzelii lyme borreliosis.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2021Article
- Article
- The Brilliance ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Immune Response toCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2021Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The humoral immune response to Borrelia burgdorferi during persistent infection is critical to both protective and disease-resolving immunity. This study examined the role of B cells in the absence of T cells during these events, using mice with selected immune dysfunctions. At 6 weeks postinfection, an interval at which arthritis resolves in immunocompetent mice, arthritis severity was equivalent among immunocompetent mice, alphabeta(+)-T-cell-deficient mice, and mice lacking both alphabeta(+) and gammadelta(+) T cells. Arthritis severity was worse in SCID mice, which lack T and B lymphocytes. Carditis regressed in immunocompetent mice and those lacking both alphabeta(+) and gammadelta(+) T cells but remained active in mice lacking only alphabeta(+) T cells and in SCID mice. Mice lacking only alphabeta(+) T cells and those lacking both alphabeta(+) and gammadelta(+) T cells generated immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG3 B. burgdorferi-reactive antibodies. Sera from infected immunocompetent mice, mice lacking only alphabeta(+) T cells, and mice lacking both alphabeta(+) and gammadelta(+) T cells passively protected naive mice against challenge inoculation with B. burgdorferi. However, only sera from infected immunocompetent mice, but not sera from infected T-cell-deficient mice, were able to resolve arthritis when passively transferred to actively infected SCID mice. These data demonstrate that B-cell activation during a T-cell-independent response may be critical for resolution of arthritis and carditis and that protective antibodies are generated during this response.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.