ArticleInfection and immunity2000
Babesia bovis-stimulated macrophages express interleukin-1beta, interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and nitric oxide and inhibit parasite replication in vitro.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunity beyond borders: non-lethalFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Transcriptome profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from highly susceptible adult cattle infected with a virulent strain of Babesia bovis.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Oxidative Status, Cytokines, Acute Phase Proteins and Cardiac Damage Markers in Sheep Naturally Infected with Babesia ovis.Acta parasitologica · 2023Article
- Pathogenesis of Anemia in Canine Babesiosis: Possible Contribution of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines-A Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- HarnessingVaccines · 2022Review
- Babesiosis and the human immune system.IDCases · 2022Article
- Immunization of Cattle With Recombinant Structural Ectodomains I and II ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Congenital Transmission of Apicomplexan Parasites: A Review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Bovine Babesiosis in Turkey: Impact, Current Gaps, and Opportunities for Intervention.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Innate Immune Response to Tick-Borne Pathogens: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Induced in the Hosts.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Human Case Infected WithOpen forum infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Genomic Study ofFrontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Babesia divergens glycosylphosphatidylinositols modulate blood coagulation and induce Th2-biased cytokine profiles in antigen presenting cells.Biochimie · 2019Article
- Interplay between Attenuation- and Virulence-Factors ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Unravelling the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of bovine babesiosis: is the sky the limit?International journal for parasitology · 2019Review
- Macrophages are the determinant of resistance to and outcome of nonlethal Babesia microti infection in mice.Infection and immunity · 2015Article
- The Effects of Babesiosis on Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in Anatolian Black Goats Naturally Infected with Babesia ovis.Iranian journal of parasitology · 2014Article
- Natural Babesia bovis Infection in Water Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and Crossbred Cattle under Field Conditions in Egypt: a Preliminary Study.Journal of arthropod-borne diseases · 2014Article
- Increased cytokine and nitric oxide levels in serum of dogs experimentally infected with Rangelia vitalii.The Korean journal of parasitology · 2013Article
- Macrophages are critical for cross-protective immunity conferred by Babesia microti against Babesia rodhaini infection in mice.Infection and immunity · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The tick-transmitted hemoparasite Babesia bovis causes an acute infection that results in persistence and immunity against challenge infection in cattle that control the initial parasitemia. Resolution of acute infection with this protozoal pathogen is believed to be dependent on products of activated macrophages (Mphi), including inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) and its derivatives. B. bovis stimulates inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and production of NO in bovine Mphi, and chemical donors of NO inhibit the growth of B. bovis in vitro. However, the induction of inflammatory cytokines in Mphi by babesial parasites has not been described, and the antiparasitic activity of NO produced by B. bovis-stimulated Mphi has not been definitively demonstrated. We report that monocyte-derived Mphi activated by B. bovis expressed enhanced levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor alpha that are important for stimulating innate and acquired immunity against protozoal pathogens. Furthermore, a lipid fraction of B. bovis-infected erythrocytes stimulated iNOS expression and NO production by Mphi. Cocultures of Mphi and B. bovis-infected erythrocytes either in contact or physically separated resulted in reduced parasite viability. However, NO produced by bovine Mphi in response to B. bovis-infected erythrocytes was only partially responsible for parasite growth inhibition, suggesting that additional factors contribute to the inhibition of B. bovis replication. These findings demonstrate that B. bovis induces an innate immune response that is capable of controlling parasite replication and that could potentially result in host survival and parasite persistence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.