ArticleInfection and immunity2000
Toxoids of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A are protective in rabbit models of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Novel insights into the immune response to bacterial T cell superantigens.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Streptococcal superantigens and the return of scarlet fever.PLoS pathogens · 2021Review
- A brief review on Group A Streptococcus pathogenesis and vaccine development.Royal Society open science · 2021Review
- SpeS: A Novel Superantigen and Its Potential as a Vaccine Adjuvant against Strangles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Antibodies to the conserved region of the M protein and a streptococcal superantigen cooperatively resolve toxic shock-like syndrome in HLA-humanized mice.Science advances · 2019Article
- Toxins and Superantigens of Group A Streptococci.Microbiology spectrum · 2019Article
- Contribution of cryptic epitopes in designing a group A streptococcal vaccine.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2018Article
- Nasopharyngeal infection byProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2017Article
- Towards developing a vaccine for rheumatic heart disease.Global cardiology science & practice · 2017Review
- Article
- Bacterial superantigens promote acute nasopharyngeal infection by Streptococcus pyogenes in a human MHC Class II-dependent manner.PLoS pathogens · 2014Article
- Staphylococcal and streptococcal superantigen exotoxins.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2013Review
- Immunity to Staphylococcus aureus secreted proteins protects rabbits from serious illnesses.Vaccine · 2012Article
- A single, engineered protein therapeutic agent neutralizes exotoxins from both Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2010Article
- Progress in the development of effective vaccines to prevent selected gram-positive bacterial infections.The American journal of the medical sciences · 2010Review
- The prospect of vaccination against group A beta-hemolytic streptococci.Current infectious disease reports · 2008Article
- Active and passive immunizations with the streptococcal esterase Sse protect mice against subcutaneous infection with group A streptococci.Infection and immunity · 2007Article
- Dynamics of the immune response against extracellular products of group A streptococci during infection.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2007Article
- Toxic shock syndrome in children: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management.Paediatric drugs · 2005Review
- In vitro and in vivo evaluation of staphylococcal superantigen peptide antagonists.Infection and immunity · 2004Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (SPEs) are superantigens that have been implicated in causing streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS). Most notably, SPE serotype A is made by nearly all M-protein serotype 1 and 3 streptococci, the M types most associated with the illness (these strains contain one or more other SPEs, and those proteins are likely also to contribute to disease). We have prepared double-, triple-, and hexa-amino-acid mutants of SPE A by PCR and other mutagenesis procedures. The sites chosen for mutation were solvent-exposed residues thought to be important for T-cell receptor (TCR) or major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II interaction. These mutants were nonsuperantigenic for human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and rabbit and mouse splenocytes and were nonlethal in two rabbit models of STSS. In addition, these mutants stimulated protective antibody responses. Interestingly, mutants that altered toxin binding to MHC class II were more immunogenic than mutants altering TCR binding. Collectively, these studies indicate that multiple-site mutants of SPE A are toxoids that may have use in protecting against the toxin's effects in STSS.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.