ArticleImmunology2000
Sex hormone levels correlate with the activity of cytokine-secreting cells in vivo.
Article in Immunology, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 148 citations in OpenAlex.
- Low-dose oral interferon alpha as prophylaxis against viral respiratory illness: a double-blind, parallel controlled trial during an influenza pandemic year.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2013Trial
- Sex matters: mechanistic insights into sex-driven patterns of autoimmunity and implications for pharmacotherapy.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- The Immunomodulatory Role of Estrogen in Malaria: A Review of Sex Differences and Therapeutic Implications.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Review
- Factors Involved in the Immunological Protection against Rabies Virus in Dogs in Spain.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Hormone Replacement Therapy and Psoriasis Risk: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.Journal of Korean medical science · 2023Article
- Cross-sectional study investigating the association between inflammatory biomarkers and neuropathy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.BMJ open · 2023Article
- How Does Vitamin D Affect Immune Cells Crosstalk in Autoimmune Diseases?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Cytokines as Potential Biomarkers of Clinical Characteristics of Schizophrenia.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Sex Differences in Thrombosis and Mortality in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19.The American journal of cardiology · 2022Article
- Gender differences in measles incidence rates in a multi-year, pooled analysis, based on national data from seven high income countries.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Sex-specific regulation of IL-10 production in human adipose tissue in obesity.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Between-day reliability of cytokines and adipokines for application in research and practice.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Lack of Association Between Sex Hormones, MDSCs, LDGs and pDCs in Males and Females With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Roles of steroid receptors in the lung and COVID-19.Essays in biochemistry · 2021Review
- Polycystic ovary syndrome: epidemiologic assessment of prevalence of systemic rheumatic and autoimmune diseases.Clinical rheumatology · 2021Article
- Sex-Specific Differences of the Inflammatory State in Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Sex Hormones and Lung Inflammation.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Article
- Serum IL-1RA levels increase from follicular to luteal phase of the ovarian cycle: A pilot study on human female immune responses.PloS one · 2020Article
- Matters of life and death: How estrogen and estrogen receptor binding to the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus may influence outcomes of infection, allergy, and autoimmune disease.Cellular immunology · 2019Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This work examines the correlation between serum levels of oestrogen, progesterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S) and the number of human peripheral blood cells actively secreting interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in vivo. Simultaneous assessment of serum hormone levels and cytokine-secreting cell activity throughout the menstrual cycle showed that the number of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) able to secrete IL-4 in response to stimulation correlated significantly (P < 0.0001) with oestrogen levels and fluctuated with the menstrual cycle in pre-menopausal women. The activity of IFN-gamma-secreting cells, on the other hand, varied as a function of serum DHEA-S levels in pre-menopausal women (P < 0.0001). Similarly, the number of cells secreting IFN-gamma in men correlated with serum DHEA-S levels (P < 0.001). In contrast, post-menopausal women had fewer cells actively secreting cytokines and the activity of these cells did not correlate with sex hormone levels. These results suggest that sex hormones may modulate cytokine production in vivo and contribute to gender-related differences in normal and pathological immune responses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.