Evidence map›Paper›PMID 10926587›Full record

Trial reportBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2000

Smoking reduction with oral nicotine inhalers: double blind, randomised clinical trial of efficacy and safety.

C T Bolliger, J P Zellweger, T Danielsson, X van Biljon, A Robidou, A Westin, A P Perruchoud, U Säwe

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readClinical TrialRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01444131 (A 26-Week Phase II, Multicentre, Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Varenicline in Combination With Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Smoking Cessation), which is not on this map. Cited by 64 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
64citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
8.7field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01444131 phase2completednot on this mapstarted 2011, after this paper: background citation

A 26-Week Phase II, Multicentre, Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Varenicline in Combination With Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Smoking Cessation

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of StellenboschRan2011 to 2013Enrolled446ConditionsTobacco DependenceArmsVarenicline, Nicotine Patch, Varenicline and Placebo Patch
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

64 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 228 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Smoking reduction interventions for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Nicotine replacement therapy versus control for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018
    Pooled it
  4. Interventions to reduce harm from continued tobacco use.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016
    Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. The feasibility of smoking reduction: an update.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2005
    Pooled it
  9. Trial
  10. Trial
  11. Trial
  12. Trial
  13. Trial
  14. Trial
  15. Trial
  16. Trial
  17. Trial
  18. Trial
  19. Trial
  20. Trial

4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

C T BolligerRespiratory Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, 4031 Basle, Switzerland. ctb@gerga.sun.ac.za
J P Zellweger
T Danielsson
X van Biljon
A Robidou
A Westin
A P Perruchoud
U Säwe
University Hospital of Zurich · CH

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo determine whether use of an oral nicotine inhaler can result in long term reduction in smoking and whether concomitant use of nicotine replacement and smoking is safe.

designDouble blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial. Four month trial with a two year follow up.

settingTwo university hospital pulmonary clinics in Switzerland.

participants400 healthy volunteers, recruited through newspaper advertisements, willing to reduce their smoking but unable or unwilling to stop smoking immediately.

interventionActive or placebo inhaler as needed for up to 18 months, with participants encouraged to limit their smoking as much as possible.

main outcome measuresNumber of cigarettes smoked per day from week six to end point. Decrease verified by a measurement of exhaled carbon monoxide at each time point compared with measurement at baseline.

resultsAt four months sustained reduction of smoking was achieved in 52 (26%) participants in the active group and 18 (9%) in the placebo group (P<0.001; Fisher's test). Corresponding figures after two years were 19 (9.5%) and 6 (3.0%) (P=0.012).

conclusionNicotine inhalers effectively and safely achieved sustained reduction in smoking over 24 months. Reduction with or without nicotine substitution may be a feasible first step towards smoking cessation in people not able or not willing to stop abruptly.

Indexed as

Smoking PreventionAdministration, InhalationAdministration, OralAdolescentAdultAgedDouble-Blind MethodFollow-Up StudiesHumansMiddle AgedNicotinePatient ComplianceSmoking CessationTreatment OutcomeNicotine

Identifiers

PMID10926587
PMCPMC27447
OpenAlexW2098805226

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.