ArticleInfection and immunity2000
Antiviral activity of shiga toxin 1: suppression of bovine leukemia virus-related spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the epidemiology of pathogenic Escherichia coli of calves and the role of calves as reservoirs for human pathogenic E. coli.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2015Pooled it
- Shiga Toxin, Stx2e, Influences the Activity of Porcine Lymphocytes In Vitro.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Targeting the Inside of Cells with Biologicals: Toxin Routes in a Therapeutic Context.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2023Review
- Review
- The Role ofToxins · 2020Review
- Antivirals against animal viruses.Biochemical pharmacology · 2017Review
- Verotoxin A subunit protects lymphocytes and T cell lines against X4 HIV infection in vitro.Toxins · 2012Article
- Escherichia coli serotype O55:H7 diversity supports parallel acquisition of bacteriophage at Shiga toxin phage insertion sites during evolution of the O157:H7 lineage.Journal of bacteriology · 2012Article
- Interaction of ricin and Shiga toxins with ribosomes.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2012Review
- A prebiotic, Celmanax™, decreases Escherichia coli O157:H7 colonization of bovine cells and feed-associated cytotoxicity in vitro.BMC research notes · 2011Article
- In Vivo leukocyte changes induced by Escherichia coli subtilase cytotoxin.Infection and immunity · 2011Article
- Temporal genomewide expression profiling of DSS colitis reveals novel inflammatory and angiogenesis genes similar to ulcerative colitis.Physiological genomics · 2011Article
- Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain origin, lineage, and Shiga toxin 2 expression affect colonization of cattle.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2009Article
- Low numbers of intestinal Shiga toxin-producing E. coli correlate with a poor prognosis in sheep infected with bovine leukemia virus.Journal of veterinary science · 2008Article
- All blood, no stool: enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection.Journal of veterinary science · 2008Review
- Shiga toxin and Shiga toxin-encoding phage do not facilitate Escherichia coli O157:H7 colonization in sheep.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2007Article
- Bovine immune response to shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2006Article
- Role of Escherichia coli O157:H7 virulence factors in colonization at the bovine terminal rectal mucosa.Infection and immunity · 2006Article
- Intestinal Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli bacteria mitigate bovine leukemia virus infection in experimentally infected sheep.Infection and immunity · 2006Article
- Involvement of the Escherichia coli O157:H7(pO157) ecf operon and lipid A myristoyl transferase activity in bacterial survival in the bovine gastrointestinal tract and bacterial persistence in farm water troughs.Infection and immunity · 2005Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human infections with Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) cause hemorrhagic colitis. The Stxs belong to a large family of ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) that are found in a variety of higher plants and some bacteria. Many RIPs have potent antiviral activity for the plants that synthesize them. STEC strains, both virulent and nonvirulent to humans, are frequently isolated from healthy cattle. Interestingly, despite intensive investigations, it is not known why cattle carry STEC. We tested the hypothesis that Stx has antiviral properties for bovine viruses by assessing the impact of Stx type 1 (Stx1) on bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from cows infected with bovine leukemia virus (BLV). PBMC from BLV-positive animals invariably displayed spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation (SLP) in vitro. Stx1 or the toxin A subunit (Stx1A) strongly inhibited SLP. Toxin only weakly reduced the pokeweed mitogen- or interleukin-2-induced proliferation of PBMC from normal (BLV-negative) cows and had no effect on concanavalin A-induced proliferation. The toxin activity in PBMC from BLV-positive cattle was selective for viral SLP and did not abrogate cell response to pokeweed mitogen- or interleukin-2-induced proliferation. Antibody to virus or Stx1A was most effective at inhibiting SLP if administered at the start of cell culture, indicating that both reagents likely interfere with BLV-dependent initiation of SLP. Stx1A inhibited expression of BLV p24 protein by PBMC. A well-defined mutant Stx1A (E167D) that has decreased catalytic activity was not effective at inhibiting SLP, suggesting the inhibition of protein synthesis is likely the mechanism of toxin antiviral activity. Our data suggest that Stx has potent antiviral activity and may serve an important role in BLV-infected cattle by inhibiting BLV replication and thus slowing the progression of infection to its malignant end stage.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.