ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2000
Sources of toxoplasma infection in pregnant women: European multicentre case-control study. European Research Network on Congenital Toxoplasmosis.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 287 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
287 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,009 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effectiveness of Postharvest Processing on Microbiological Safety of Game Meat-A Systematic Review.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic review and modelling ofEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in chickens in China during 1993-2021: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Parasitology research · 2022Pooled it
- The global seroprevalence ofParasitology · 2021Pooled it
- Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic and wild felids as public health concerns: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women and livestock in the mainland of China: a systematic review and hierarchical meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2018Pooled it
- Prophylaxis of human toxoplasmosis: a systematic review.Pathogens and global health · 2017Pooled it
- Investigating the Determinants of Toxoplasma gondii Prevalence in Meat: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression.PloS one · 2016Pooled it
- Prenatal education for congenital toxoplasmosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Seroprevalence and associated risk factors ofVeterinary and animal science · 2026Article
- Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in France: First Study in 1,995 Blood Donors.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2026Article
- Public health significance of prevalence and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in goats sampled from two quarantine facilities and an institutional farm in Maiduguri metropolis, Borno state, Nigeria.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Bioassay of the infectivity of heat-treatedFood and waterborne parasitology · 2026Article
- Maternal, Behavioral, and Environmental Factors Associated withDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Developing an Integrated Medical-Veterinary Data Framework for Investigating Human Toxoplasmosis: A One Health Perspective.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Development and Field Validation of a Double-Antigen Sandwich Colloidal Gold Immunochromatographic Strip for Detection ofTransboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Factors Associated WithBioMed research international · 2026Article
- Comparative Study of Raw Ham and Other Pork Tissues for the Detection ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- High frequency of DNA detection ofFood and waterborne parasitology · 2025Article
- An inactivated vaccine against acquired Toxoplasma gondii infection in pigs as a tool to minimize the zoonotic transmission risk.Veterinary research · 2025Article
227 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the odds ratio and population attributable fraction associated with food and environmental risk factors for acute toxoplasmosis in pregnancy.
designCase-control study.
settingSix large European cities.
participantsPregnant women with acute infection (cases) detected by seroconversion or positive for anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM were compared with pregnant women seronegative for toxoplasma (controls).
main outcome measuresOdds ratios for acute infection adjusted for confounding variables; the population attributable fraction for risk factors.
resultsRisk factors most strongly predictive of acute infection in pregnant women were eating undercooked lamb, beef, or game, contact with soil, and travel outside Europe and the United States and Canada. Contact with cats was not a risk factor. Between 30% and 63% of infections in different centres were attributed to consumption of undercooked or cured meat products and 6% to 17% to soil contact.
conclusionsInadequately cooked or cured meat is the main risk factor for infection with toxoplasma in all centres. Preventive strategies should aim to reduce prevalence of infection in meat, improve labelling of meat according to farming and processing methods, and improve the quality and consistency of health information given to pregnant women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.