ArticleJournal of virology2000
Two putative alpha-helical domains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr mediate nuclear localization by at least two mechanisms.
Article in Journal of virology, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV-1 Vpr Functions in Primary CD4Viruses · 2024Review
- A Proteome-Wide Immunoinformatics Tool to Accelerate T-Cell Epitope Discovery and Vaccine Design in the Context of Emerging Infectious Diseases: An Ethnicity-Oriented Approach.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Protein ArginineViruses · 2020Article
- Cross-Species Transmission and Evolution of SIV Chimpanzee Progenitor Viruses Toward HIV-1 in Humanized Mice.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Proteomic analysis of early HIV-1 nucleoprotein complexes.Journal of proteome research · 2013Article
- Cellular phenotype impacts human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viral protein R subcellular localization.Virology journal · 2011Article
- HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr: relevance in the pathogenesis of HIV and potential for therapeutic intervention.Retrovirology · 2011Review
- Nuclear exportin receptor CAS regulates the NPI-1-mediated nuclear import of HIV-1 Vpr.PloS one · 2011Article
- Human immunodeficiency virus viral protein R as an extracellular protein in neuropathogenesis.Advances in virus research · 2011Review
- Exposed hydrophobic residues in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr helix-1 are important for cell cycle arrest and cell death.PloS one · 2011Article
- Formation of mobile chromatin-associated nuclear foci containing HIV-1 Vpr and VPRBP is critical for the induction of G2 cell cycle arrest.PLoS pathogens · 2010Article
- Analysis of the viral elements required in the nuclear import of HIV-1 DNA.Journal of virology · 2010Article
- Direct Vpr-Vpr interaction in cells monitored by two photon fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging.Retrovirology · 2008Article
- A comprehensive analysis of the naturally occurring polymorphisms in HIV-1 Vpr: potential impact on CTL epitopes.Virology journal · 2008Article
- Impaired nuclear import and viral incorporation of Vpr derived from a HIV long-term non-progressor.Retrovirology · 2008Article
- Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr binds to the N lobe of the Wee1 kinase domain and enhances kinase activity for CDC2.Journal of virology · 2008Article
- Localization of HIV-1 Vpr to the nuclear envelope: impact on Vpr functions and virus replication in macrophages.Retrovirology · 2007Article
- Novel nuclear import of Vpr promoted by importin alpha is crucial for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in macrophages.Journal of virology · 2007Article
- Cell-based chemical genetic screen identifies damnacanthal as an inhibitor of HIV-1 Vpr induced cell death.Biochemical and biophysical research communications · 2006Article
- Simian immunodeficiency virus Vpx is imported into the nucleus via importin alpha-dependent and -independent pathways.Journal of virology · 2006Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To identify the domains of Vpr that are involved nuclear localization, we transfected HeLa cells with a panel of expression vectors that encode mutant Vpr protein with deletions or substitutions within putative domains. Immunofluorescence staining of transfected cells revealed that wild-type Vpr was localized predominantly in the nucleus and the nuclear envelope and certainly in the cytoplasm. Introduction of substitutions or deletions within alphaH1 or alphaH2 resulted, by contrast, in diffuse expression over the entire cell. In addition, double mutations within both of these alpha-helical domains led to the complete absence of Vpr from nuclei. Next, we prepared HeLa cells that express chimeric proteins which consist of the alphaH1 and alphaH2 domains fused individually with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and a Flag tag and extracted them with digitonin and Triton X-100 prior to fixation. Flag-alphaH1-GFP was detected in the nucleus but not in the cytoplasm, while Flag-alphaH2-GFP was retained predominantly in the nucleus and in a small amount in the cytoplasm. The immunostaining patterns were almost eliminated by substitutions in each chimeric protein. Thus, it appeared that the two alpha-helical domains might be involved in nuclear import by binding to certain cellular factors. Taken together, our data suggest that the two putative alpha-helical domains mediate the nuclear localization of Vpr by at least two mechanisms.
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Registered trials
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