ReviewJournal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia1997
Interactions of prolactin and growth hormone (GH) in the regulation of mammary gland function and epithelial cell survival.
Review in Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia, 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
- Morphophysiological Responses of the Goat Mammary Gland to Water Scarcity in Arid and Semi-Arid Environments: Are They Enough to Generate Adaptation to New Climatic Challenges?Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Review
- Metabolomics of Milk Reflects a Negative Energy Balance in Cows.Journal of proteome research · 2020Review
- Differential Effects of Hormones on Cellular Metabolism in Keratoconus In Vitro.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Construction and function of mammary gland specific goat GH expression vector.Molecular biology reports · 2012Article
- Classic studies of mammary development and milk secretion: 1945 - 1980.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2009Article
- Historical perspectives of prolactin and growth hormone as mammogens, lactogens and galactagogues--agog for the future!Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2008Review
- What can we learn from rodents about prolactin in humans?Endocrine reviews · 2008Review
- Expression of prolactin receptor and prolactin in normal and malignant thyroid: a tissue microarray study.Endocrine pathology · 2006Article
- Hormonal regulation of mammary differentiation and milk secretion.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2002Review
- Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in the bovine mammary gland and milk.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2000Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The relative importance of GH and prolactin in mammary gland function varies between species with prolactin playing a major role in rodents and GH taking lead role in ruminants. In rodents, however, GH appears to play a vital role in maintaining a high-fat/low volume milk in the absence of prolactin and a similar finding has been demonstrated in goats where prolactin deficiency causes a more modest (15%) decrease in milk yield. Surprisingly GH-deficiency in goats induced no further decline in milk yield whereas exogenous GH or prolactin both stimulated milk output considerably. Although direct effects of prolactin on mammary epithelial cells are well-documented effects of GH are believed to be mediated indirectly via IGF-1 production from the liver. We have been unable to confirm this hypothesis in rats and believe this to be because it is too simplistic. By considering prolactin and GH to be survival factors for the mammary gland we now propose a mechanism by which they interact through the IGF system. Involution of the mammary gland involves apoptosis and, in rats, it is induced by prolactin-deficiency or milk accumulation. Coincidentally with this process mammary epithelial cells synthesize and secrete and IGF binding protein, IGFBP-5. We hypothesize that GH stimulates IGF-1 production, possibly from the mammary parenchyma. IGF-1 then acts as a survival factor for the mammary gland. Prolactin plays an essential role since it suppresses the secretion of IGFBP-5 which would otherwise inhibit IGF-1 action and lead to the induction of cell death.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.