ReviewJournal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia1996
Feedback control of milk secretion from milk.
Review in Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early initiation and regular breast milk expression reduces risk of lactogenesis II delay in at-risk Singaporean mothers in a randomised trial.Singapore medical journal · 2019Trial
- Changes in R0/R∞ ratio and membrane capacitance are associated with milk removal from the breast.PloS one · 2018Trial
- Human Milk Sodium Monitoring Across the Continuum of Lactation: From Secretory Activation to Established Lactation.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Targeted metabolomics of organic and amino acids in giraffe milk during mid- to late-lactation.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2026Article
- Early Term Delivery and Breastfeeding Outcomes.Maternal and child health journal · 2019Article
- Supporting Mothers of Very Preterm Infants and Breast Milk Production: A Review of the Role of Galactogogues.Nutrients · 2018Review
- The Many Axes of Deer Lactation.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2016Article
- Biological underpinnings of breastfeeding challenges: the role of genetics, diet, and environment on lactation physiology.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2016Review
- Temporal trends in the inflammatory cytokine profile of human breastmilk.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2014Article
- Pharmacological overview of galactogogues.Veterinary medicine international · 2014Review
- Hormonal regulation of mammary differentiation and milk secretion.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2002Review
- Control of milk secretion and apoptosis during mammary involution.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 1999Review
- Interactions of prolactin and growth hormone (GH) in the regulation of mammary gland function and epithelial cell survival.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 1997Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Extracellular storage allows biologically-active substances in milk to influence mammary function. Among these factors is one which regulates the rate of milk secretion acutely according to frequency or completeness of milk removal in each mammary gland. The active factor in goat's milk has been identified by screening milk constituents for their ability to inhibit milk constituent secretion in tissue and cell culture bioassays, and found to be a novel milk protein. The proteins identified by bioassy in vitro, also inhibited milk secretion in lactating goats in a reversible, concentration-dependent manner. This protein, termed FIL (feedback inhibitor of lactation), acts by reversible blockade of constitutive secretion in the mammary epithelial cell. As the inhibitor is synthesized in the same epithelial cells, feedback inhibition is, therefore, an autocrine mechanism. FIL's unusual mechanism of action also influences other aspects of mammary function. Acute disruption of mammary membrane trafficking is associated with downregulation of prolactin receptors and followed by a decrease in epithelial cell differentiation. Thus, in addition to acutely-regulating milk secretion, FIL may induce the adaptation in mammary cell differentiation which acts in vivo to sustain the secretory response to a sustained change in milk removal. In the long term, matching of milk output to demand is achieved by a change in mammary cell number. This developmental response is also local in nature. Whether it too is due to autocrine modulation by FIL of mechanisms influencing cell proliferation or survival, or elicited by another milk-borne factor, remains to be determined.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.