ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2000
Pathogenesis of group A streptococcal infections.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 912 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
912 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,279 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autoantibodies in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a systematic review.Translational psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Predictors of rheumatic fever in sore throat patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2022Pooled it
- Aberrant stromal tissue factor localisation and mycolactone-driven vascular dysfunction, exacerbated by IL-1β, are linked to fibrin formation in Buruli ulcer lesions.PLoS pathogens · 2022Trial
- Subclinical exposure to Streptococcus pyogenes drives the development of long-lived homologous immunity.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Local Endemic Cirsium boluense: Antimutagenic, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities and Phenolic Profiles of Plant Parts.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Article
- Streptococcus pyogenes endometritis- a population-based study on the causative emm-types, case clustering and disease severity.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Rational selection of antigenic targets for Group A Streptococcus vaccine: updates, challenges and opportunities.NPJ vaccines · 2026Review
- Prognostic Value of HALP Score in Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis: A Long-Term Follow-up Study.Clinical cardiology · 2026Article
- Schiff base metal complexes as emerging therapeutics against antimicrobial-resistant skin pathogens.ADMET & DMPK · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of mitral valve development and disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- A zinc-free alternative ribosomal protein RpsN.2 confers survival advantage to group A streptococcus during Zn scarcity.Infection and immunity · 2025Article
- Invasive Group A Streptococcus infections in children during the post-pandemic period: results from a multicenter study in Italy.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Observational
- No compelling evidence that vaccination with streptococcus pyogenes group A carbohydrate elicits cross-reactive rheumatic fever autoantibodies.NPJ vaccines · 2025Review
- Scarlet Fever in Iran During the Qajar Period (1796 to 1925 AD); A Brief Historical Review.Archives of Iranian medicine · 2025Article
- Food, Health, and Environmental Impact of Lactic Acid Bacteria: The Superbacteria for Posterity.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Review
- Severe invasiveJournal of intensive medicine · 2025Article
- Suppurative Inguinal Lymphadenitis Secondary to Group A Streptococcal Vaginitis: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- Rhamnose polysaccharide-decorated outer membrane vesicles as a vaccine candidate targeting Group A Streptococcus fromVaccine: X · 2025Article
- Investigation of Asymptomatic Rhythm and Conduction System Disorders in Pediatric Patients Diagnosed with Acute Rheumatic Fever According to Current Guidelines.Turkish archives of pediatrics · 2025Article
- From Infection to Autoimmunity:Microorganisms · 2025Review
852 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Group A streptococci are model extracellular gram-positive pathogens responsible for pharyngitis, impetigo, rheumatic fever, and acute glomerulonephritis. A resurgence of invasive streptococcal diseases and rheumatic fever has appeared in outbreaks over the past 10 years, with a predominant M1 serotype as well as others identified with the outbreaks. emm (M protein) gene sequencing has changed serotyping, and new virulence genes and new virulence regulatory networks have been defined. The emm gene superfamily has expanded to include antiphagocytic molecules and immunoglobulin-binding proteins with common structural features. At least nine superantigens have been characterized, all of which may contribute to toxic streptococcal syndrome. An emerging theme is the dichotomy between skin and throat strains in their epidemiology and genetic makeup. Eleven adhesins have been reported, and surface plasmin-binding proteins have been defined. The strong resistance of the group A streptococcus to phagocytosis is related to factor H and fibrinogen binding by M protein and to disarming complement component C5a by the C5a peptidase. Molecular mimicry appears to play a role in autoimmune mechanisms involved in rheumatic fever, while nephritis strain-associated proteins may lead to immune-mediated acute glomerulonephritis. Vaccine strategies have focused on recombinant M protein and C5a peptidase vaccines, and mucosal vaccine delivery systems are under investigation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.