ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2000
Retrograde axonal transport of herpes simplex virus: evidence for a single mechanism and a role for tegument.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 150 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global prevalence and pathogenesis of headache in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.F1000Research · 2020Pooled it
- HSV-1 US3: A Master Mimic Hijacking Host Kinase Networks for Viral Dominance.Journal of medical virology · 2025Review
- HSV-1 as a Potential Driver of Alzheimer's Disease.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Systemic inflammation as a central player in the initiation and development of Alzheimer's disease.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Review
- HSV1 glycoprotein D utilizes an LY6-like binding domain to inhibit alpha7 nicotinic receptors.Npj viruses · 2025Article
- Immunological Control of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection: A Non-Thermal Plasma-Based Approach.Viruses · 2025Review
- Tug of war: innate immunity and herpes simplex keratitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- From Fundamentals to Innovation in Alzheimer's Disease: Molecular Findings and Revolutionary Therapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease: A Potential Role of Nose-Picking in Pathogen Entry via the Olfactory System?Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Stealth invaders: unraveling the mystery of neurotropic viruses and their elusive presence in cerebrospinal fluid - a comprehensive review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Article
- Role of Innate Interferon Responses at the Ocular Surface in Herpes Simplex Virus-1-Induced Herpetic Stromal Keratitis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Manipulation of Oxidative Stress Responses by Non-Thermal Plasma to Treat Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection and Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Superior antiviral activity of IFNβ in genital HSV-1 infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- The Giant Axon of the Squid: A Simple System for Axonal Transport Studies.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Tissue specific signature of HHV-6 infection in ME/CFS.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Article
- Infection-induced chromatin modifications facilitate translocation of herpes simplex virus capsids to the inner nuclear membrane.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Host RAB11FIP5 protein inhibits the release of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus particles by promoting lysosomal degradation of ORF45.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Anterograde Viral Tracer Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Strain H129 Transports Primarily as Capsids in Cortical Neuron Axons.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Disentangling the Hypothesis of Host Dysosmia and SARS-CoV-2: The Bait Symptom That Hides Neglected Neurophysiological Routes.Frontiers in physiology · 2020Article
- Herpes Simplex Virus, Alzheimer's Disease and a Possible Role for Rab GTPases.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2019Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type I (HSV) typically enters peripheral nerve terminals and then travels back along the nerve to reach the neuronal cell body, where it replicates or enters latency. To monitor axoplasmic transport of HSV, we used the giant axon of the squid, Loligo pealei, a well known system for the study of axoplasmic transport. To deliver HSV into the axoplasm, viral particles stripped of their envelopes by detergent were injected into the giant axon, thereby bypassing the infective process. Labeling the viral tegument protein, VP16, with green fluorescent protein allowed viral particles moving inside the axon to be imaged by confocal microscopy. Viral particles moved 2.2 +/- 0.26 micrometer/sec in the retrograde direction, a rate comparable to that of the transport of endogenous organelles and of virus in mammalian neurons in culture. Electron microscopy confirmed that 96% of motile (stripped) viral particles had lost their envelope but retained tegument, and Western blot analysis revealed that these particles had retained protein from capsid but not envelope. We conclude that (i) HSV recruits the squid retrograde transport machinery; (ii) viral tegument and capsid but not envelope are sufficient for this recruitment; and (iii) the giant axon of the squid provides a unique system to dissect the viral components required for transport and to identify the cellular transport mechanisms they recruit.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.