ArticleMolecular and cellular biology2000
Tat modifies the activity of CDK9 to phosphorylate serine 5 of the RNA polymerase II carboxyl-terminal domain during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcription.
Article in Molecular and cellular biology, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 132 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
132 citing papers in PubMed, 261 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV-1 latency: From acquaintance to confidant.Journal of virus eradication · 2025Review
- Dynamic O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation attract and expel proteins from RNA polymerase II to regulate mRNA maturation.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Article
- HIV Tat as a latency reversing agent: turning the tables on viral persistence.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The HIV-1 Transcriptional Program: From Initiation to Elongation Control.Journal of molecular biology · 2025Review
- Review
- Bioinformatics Insights on Viral Gene Expression Transactivation: From HIV-1 to SARS-CoV-2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Catalytic activity of the Bin3/MePCE methyltransferase domain is dispensable for 7SK snRNP function in Drosophila melanogaster.Genetics · 2024Article
- HIV-1 Transcription Inhibition Using Small RNA-Binding Molecules.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Application of the CDK9 inhibitor FIT-039 for the treatment of KSHV-associated malignancy.BMC cancer · 2023Article
- When cyclin-dependent kinases meet viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2.Journal of medical virology · 2022Review
- The Novel Protease Activities of JMJD5-JMJD6-JMJD7 and Arginine Methylation Activities of Arginine Methyltransferases Are Likely Coupled.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- The nuclear transcription factor, TAF7, is a cytoplasmic regulator of protein synthesis.Science advances · 2021Article
- Regulation of Promoter Proximal Pausing of RNA Polymerase II in Metazoans.Journal of molecular biology · 2021Review
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDK) and Their Role in Diseases Development-Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- JMJD5 couples with CDK9 to release the paused RNA polymerase II.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Review
- P-TEFb as A Promising Therapeutic Target.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- From Entry to Egress: Strategic Exploitation of the Cellular Processes by HIV-1.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
- P-TEFb Regulates Transcriptional Activation in Non-coding RNA Genes.Frontiers in genetics · 2019Article
- Post-translational Modification-Based Regulation of HIV Replication.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Review
72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tat stimulates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transcriptional elongation by recruitment of carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) kinases to the HIV-1 promoter. Using an immobilized DNA template assay, we have analyzed the effect of Tat on kinase activity during the initiation and elongation phases of HIV-1 transcription. Our results demonstrate that cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) (TFIIH) and CDK9 (P-TEFb) both associate with the HIV-1 preinitiation complex. Hyperphosphorylation of the RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) CTD in the HIV-1 preinitiation complex, in the absence of Tat, takes place at CTD serine 2 and serine 5. Analysis of preinitiation complexes formed in immunodepleted extracts suggests that CDK9 phosphorylates serine 2, while CDK7 phosphorylates serine 5. Remarkably, in the presence of Tat, the substrate specificity of CDK9 is altered, such that the kinase phosphorylates both serine 2 and serine 5. Tat-induced CTD phosphorylation by CDK9 is strongly inhibited by low concentrations of 5, 6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole, an inhibitor of transcription elongation by RNAP II. Analysis of stalled transcription elongation complexes demonstrates that CDK7 is released from the transcription complex between positions +14 and +36, prior to the synthesis of transactivation response (TAR) RNA. In contrast, CDK9 stays associated with the complex through +79. Analysis of CTD phosphorylation indicates a biphasic modification pattern, one in the preinitiation complex and the other between +36 and +79. The second phase of CTD phosphorylation is Tat-dependent and TAR-dependent. These studies suggest that the ability of Tat to increase transcriptional elongation may be due to its ability to modify the substrate specificity of the CDK9 complex.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.