ArticleJournal of virology2000
Functional implications of the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein helical hairpin structure.
Article in Journal of virology, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Capture of fusion-intermediate conformations of SARS-CoV-2 spike requires receptor binding and cleavage at either the S1/S2 or S2' site.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Enhanced stability of the SARS CoV-2 spike glycoprotein following modification of an alanine cavity in the protein core.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- X-ray Structures of the Post-fusion 6-Helix Bundle of the Human Syncytins and their Functional Implications.Journal of molecular biology · 2019Article
- Human Non-neutralizing HIV-1 Envelope Monoclonal Antibodies Limit the Number of Founder Viruses during SHIV Mucosal Infection in Rhesus Macaques.PLoS pathogens · 2015Article
- Influence of hydrophobic and electrostatic residues on SARS-coronavirus S2 protein stability: insights into mechanisms of general viral fusion and inhibitor design.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2014Article
- Crystal structures of beta- and gammaretrovirus fusion proteins reveal a role for electrostatic stapling in viral entry.Journal of virology · 2014Article
- Structural characterization of a fusion glycoprotein from a retrovirus that undergoes a hybrid 2-step entry mechanism.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2013Article
- Cellular Factors Involved in HTLV-1 Entry and Pathogenicit.Frontiers in microbiology · 2012Article
- Viral envelope protein folding and membrane hemifusion are enhanced by the conserved loop region of HIV-1 gp41.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2011Article
- Charge-surrounded pockets and electrostatic interactions with small ions modulate the activity of retroviral fusion proteins.PLoS pathogens · 2011Article
- Current concepts regarding the HTLV-1 receptor complex.Retrovirology · 2010Review
- Studies of the "chain reversal regions" of the avian sarcoma/leukosis virus (ASLV) and ebolavirus fusion proteins: analogous residues are important, and a His residue unique to EnvA affects the pH dependence of ASLV entry.Journal of virology · 2010Article
- Non-structural proteins of Periplaneta fuliginosa densovirus inhibit cellular gene expression and induce necrosis in Sf9 cell cultures.Virus genes · 2009Article
- Highly specific inhibition of leukaemia virus membrane fusion by interaction of peptide antagonists with a conserved region of the coiled coil of envelope.Retrovirology · 2008Article
- Intersubunit disulfide isomerization controls membrane fusion of human T-cell leukemia virus Env.Journal of virology · 2008Article
- The MuLV 4070A G541R Env mutation decreases the stability and alters the conformation of the TM ectodomain.Virology · 2008Article
- Stoichiometry of envelope glycoprotein trimers in the entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.Journal of virology · 2005Article
- The conserved glycine-rich segment linking the N-terminal fusion peptide to the coiled coil of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein gp21 is a determinant of membrane fusion function.Journal of virology · 2005Article
- Sequential roles of receptor binding and low pH in forming prehairpin and hairpin conformations of a retroviral envelope glycoprotein.Journal of virology · 2004Article
- Isomerization of the intersubunit disulphide-bond in Env controls retrovirus fusion.The EMBO journal · 2004Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Retrovirus entry into cells follows receptor binding by the surface-exposed envelope glycoprotein (Env) subunit (SU), which triggers the membrane fusion activity of the transmembrane (TM) protein. TM protein fragments expressed in the absence of SU adopt helical hairpin structures comprising a central coiled coil, a region of chain reversal containing a disulfide-bonded loop, and a C-terminal segment that packs onto the exterior of the coiled coil in an antiparallel manner. Here we used in vitro mutagenesis to test the functional role of structural elements observed in a model helical hairpin, gp21 of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1. Membrane fusion activity requires the stabilization of the N and C termini of the central coiled coil by a hydrophobic N cap and a small hydrophobic core, respectively. A conserved Gly-Gly hinge motif preceding the disulfide-bonded loop, a salt bridge that stabilizes the chain reversal region, and interactions between the C-terminal segment and the coiled coil are also critical for fusion activity. Our data support a model whereby the chain reversal region transmits a conformational signal from receptor-bound SU to induce the fusion-activated helical hairpin conformation of the TM protein.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.