ArticleGut2000
Non-pathogenic bacteria elicit a differential cytokine response by intestinal epithelial cell/leucocyte co-cultures.
Article in Gut, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 136 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
136 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 462 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of probiotic-supplemented triple therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori in children: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2017Pooled it
- Probiotic supplementation does not improve eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori infection compared to placebo based on standard therapy: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2016Pooled it
- Dietary curcumin supplementation does not alter peripheral blood mononuclear cell responses to exertional heat stress.European journal of applied physiology · 2018Trial
- A randomized double-blind trial on perioperative administration of probiotics in colorectal cancer patients.World journal of gastroenterology · 2010Trial
- Trial
- Effects of probiotic on intestinal mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2004Trial
- Probiotics as Potential Enhancers of Veterinary Vaccines.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- A multidimensional platform to support intestinal epithelial and immune cell co-culture.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- From Bioreactors to Organoids: Tools for Culturing and Understanding Microbiota.Indian journal of microbiology · 2025Review
- Dietary Modulation of the Immune System.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Effect of linex treatment on IFN-γ and IL-4 in mice infected with Trichinella.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Screening Probiotics for Anti-Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Epithelial-neuronal-immune cell interactions: Implications for immunity, inflammation, and tissue homeostasis at mucosal sites.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2024Review
- Article
- Review
- Immunomodulatory Effect ofLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Intestinal epithelial cell metabolism at the interface of microbial dysbiosis and tissue injury.Mucosal immunology · 2022Review
- BothPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Lactobacillus spp. for Gastrointestinal Health: Current and Future Perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
76 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimIntestinal epithelial cells (IEC) are thought to participate in the mucosal defence against bacteria and in the regulation of mucosal tissue homeostasis. Reactivity of IEC to bacterial signals may depend on interactions with immunocompetent cells. To address the question of whether non-pathogenic bacteria modify the immune response of the intestinal epithelium, we co-cultivated enterocyte-like CaCO-2 cells with human blood leucocytes in separate compartments of transwell cultures.
methodsCaCO-2/PBMC co-cultures were stimulated with non-pathogenic bacteria and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Expression of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-8, monocyte chemoattracting protein 1 (MCP-1), and IL-10 was studied by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (cytokine secretion) and by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
resultsChallenge of CaCO-2 cells with non-pathogenic E coli and Lactobacillus sakei induced expression of IL-8, MCP-1, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha mRNA in the presence of underlying leucocytes. Leucocyte sensitised CaCO-2 cells produced TNF-alpha and IL-1beta whereas IL-10 was exclusively secreted by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CaCO-2 cells alone remained hyporesponsive to the bacterial challenge. Lactobacillus johnsonii, an intestinal isolate, showed reduced potential to induce proinflammatory cytokines but increased transforming growth factor beta mRNA in leucocyte sensitised CaCO-2 cells. TNF-alpha was identified as one of the early mediators involved in cellular cross talk. In the presence of leucocytes, discriminative activation of CaCO-2 cells was observed between enteropathogenic E coli and non-pathogenic bacteria.
conclusionThe differential recognition of non-pathogenic bacteria by CaCO-2 cells required the presence of underlying leucocytes. These results strengthen the hypothesis that bacterial signalling at the mucosal surface is dependent on a network of cellular interactions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.