ReviewEnvironmental health perspectives2000
Fetal, infant, and childhood growth are predictors of coronary heart disease, diabetes, and hypertension in adult men and women.
Review in Environmental health perspectives, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05952739 (Maternal Endocrine System and Metabolic Diseases and Offspring Health), which is not on this map. Cited by 189 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Maternal Endocrine System and Metabolic Diseases and Offspring Health: Prediction Within a Birth Cohort
Who cites it
189 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Maternal smoking in pregnancy and blood pressure during childhood and adolescence: a meta-analysis.European journal of pediatrics · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The association between late preterm birth and cardiometabolic conditions across the life course: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2022Pooled it
- Adverse Birth Outcomes Related to NOInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Growth patterns and body composition in former extremely low birth weight (ELBW) neonates until adulthood: a systematic review.European journal of pediatrics · 2020Pooled it
- Postnatal growth in preterm infants and later health outcomes: a systematic review.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2015Pooled it
- Epigenetics and human obesity.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2015Pooled it
- Early-life conditions and older adult health in low- and middle-income countries: a review.Journal of developmental origins of health and disease · 2013Pooled it
- Higher maternal weight is related to poorer fetal autonomic function.Journal of developmental origins of health and disease · 2021Trial
- Infant Nutritional Status and Markers of Environmental Enteric Dysfunction are Associated with Midchildhood Anthropometry and Blood Pressure in Tanzania.The Journal of pediatrics · 2017Trial
- Placenta-Derived Extracellular Vesicles (pdEVs): Key Mediators That Affect the Metabolic Health of Offspring in Early Nutritional Environments.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Gestational hypoxia increases brain-blood barrier permeability in the neonatal cerebral cortex of Guinea pigs.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Early-life phthalate mixture exposure and reproductive hormone levels during minipuberty.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- The impact of electronic cigarettes on pregnancy and childhood health outcomes: the ECHO study-a protocol for a multicentre, prospective, observational, cohort.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2025Article
- Assessing ambient air pollution's effects on birth outcomes: a Scottish IVF cohort study (2010 -2018).Environmental health : a global access science source · 2025Article
- Fetal and Infant Growth and the Cardiovascular Stress Response in Adolescence: A Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study in a Pediatric Population-Based Cohort.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- The association between gestational hypothyroidism in pregnant women with preeclampsia, maternal liver function indicators, and neonatal birth weight: a study in Chinese pregnant women.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Effect of Omega 3 supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on cognitive functions in rat offspring.PloS one · 2025Article
- Rats Exposed to Excess Sucrose During a Critical Period Develop Inflammation and Express a Secretory Phenotype of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.Metabolites · 2024Article
- Pre-existing maternal cardiovascular disease and the risk of offspring cardiovascular disease from infancy to early adulthood.European heart journal · 2024Article
129 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many human fetuses have to adapt to a limited supply of nutrients. In doing so they permanently change their structure and metabolism. These programmed changes may be the origins of a number of diseases in later life, including coronary heart disease, hypertension, and noninsulin- dependent diabetes. We review epidemiologic studies in which the incidence of these diseases has been related to the recorded, early growth of individuals, while considering factors in the adult lifestyle, such as obesity and socioeconomic status. We discuss possible mechanisms. For hypertension these mechanisms include placentation, maternal blood pressure, fetal undernutrition; childhood growth, activation of the renin-angiotensin system, renal structure, programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, vascular structure, and sympathetic nervous activity. For noninsulin-dependent diabetes we discuss mechanisms concerning both insulin resistance and insulin deficiency. We include a review of evidence for the programming of serum cholesterol and clotting factor concentrations. We address the timing of critical windows for coronary heart disease, reviewing studies that allow assessment of the relative importance of fetal, infant, and childhood growth. We argue for a research strategy that combines clinical, animal, and epidemiological studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.