ReviewMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR2000
Type I restriction systems: sophisticated molecular machines (a legacy of Bertani and Weigle).
Review in Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 244 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
244 citing papers in PubMed, 466 citations in OpenAlex.
- ThemBio · 2026Article
- Nucleases and Their Inhibitors: Exploring Biological Roles, Industrial Applications, and Challenges in Heterologous Expression.Biotechnology journal · 2026Review
- DNA-Mimic Antirestriction Proteins ArdA Could Regulate Gene Expression inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- A bacterial ally for nitrogen-fixing biofilm: enhancing the rhizosphere colonization ofApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Genetic modification of intractable bacterial clones by heat shock-facilitated phage transduction.Cell reports methods · 2026Article
- Bacterial defense mechanisms against bacteriophages: an evolutionary arms race.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Bacteriophages mobilize bacterial defense systems via lateral transduction.Science advances · 2026Article
- Epigenetic regulation and antimicrobial resistance: functional roles of DNA methylation.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Development of the Efficient Electroporation Protocol forInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- A new family of small ArdA proteins reveals antirestriction activity.Journal of bacteriology · 2025Article
- Genetic exchange shapes ultra-small Patescibacteria metabolic capacities in the terrestrial subsurface.mSystems · 2025Article
- BlihIA-A Novel Type I Restriction-Modification System fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Defence systems encoded by core genomic islands of seventh pandemicPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Review
- Regulation of a phage defence island by RptR, a novel repressor that controls restriction-modification systems in diverse bacteria.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Horizontal acquisition of the Type I restriction-modification system enhances bacterial pathogenicity by mediating methylation of transcription factor-encoding genes.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Review
- Activation of bacterial programmed cell death by phage inhibitors of host immunity.Molecular cell · 2025Article
- Survival Strategies ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Intercellular mosaic methylation in fast-growingNAR molecular medicine · 2024Article
- AJournal of bacteriology · 2024Article
184 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Restriction enzymes are well known as reagents widely used by molecular biologists for genetic manipulation and analysis, but these reagents represent only one class (type II) of a wider range of enzymes that recognize specific nucleotide sequences in DNA molecules and detect the provenance of the DNA on the basis of specific modifications to their target sequence. Type I restriction and modification (R-M) systems are complex; a single multifunctional enzyme can respond to the modification state of its target sequence with the alternative activities of modification or restriction. In the absence of DNA modification, a type I R-M enzyme behaves like a molecular motor, translocating vast stretches of DNA towards itself before eventually breaking the DNA molecule. These sophisticated enzymes are the focus of this review, which will emphasize those aspects that give insights into more general problems of molecular and microbial biology. Current molecular experiments explore target recognition, intramolecular communication, and enzyme activities, including DNA translocation. Type I R-M systems are notable for their ability to evolve new specificities, even in laboratory cultures. This observation raises the important question of how bacteria protect their chromosomes from destruction by newly acquired restriction specifities. Recent experiments demonstrate proteolytic mechanisms by which cells avoid DNA breakage by a type I R-M system whenever their chromosomal DNA acquires unmodified target sequences. Finally, the review will reflect the present impact of genomic sequences on a field that has previously derived information almost exclusively from the analysis of bacteria commonly studied in the laboratory.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.