ArticleSexually transmitted infections2000
Investigation of the increased incidence of gonorrhoea diagnosed in genitourinary medicine clinics in England, 1994-6.
Article in Sexually transmitted infections, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Reducing the risk of sexually transmitted infections in genitourinary medicine clinic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of behavioural interventions.Sexually transmitted infections · 2005Pooled it
- Ethnic variations in sexual partnerships and mixing, and their association with STI diagnosis: findings from a cross-sectional biobehavioural survey of attendees of sexual health clinics across England.Sexually transmitted infections · 2020Article
- A qualitative study of attitudes towards, typologies, and drivers of concurrent partnerships among people of black Caribbean ethnicity in England and their implications for STI prevention.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Pathways to, and use of, sexual healthcare among Black Caribbean sexual health clinic attendees in England: evidence from cross-sectional bio-behavioural surveys.BMC health services research · 2019Article
- Ethnic variations in sexual behaviours and sexual health markers: findings from the third British National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3).The Lancet. Public health · 2017Article
- Article
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Travelers.Current infectious disease reports · 2005Article
- Reducing the risk of gonorrhoea in black Caribbean men: can we identify risk factors?Sexually transmitted infections · 2003Article
- The fall and rise of gonorrhoea incidence in Israel: an international phenomenon?Sexually transmitted infections · 2003Article
- Behavioural surveillance: the value of national coordination.Sexually transmitted infections · 2002Review
- Sexually transmitted infections: control strategies.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2001Article
- Trends in gonorrhoea in nine western European countries, 1991-6. European Study Group.Sexually transmitted infections · 2000Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo determine important risk factors associated with cases of gonorrhoea in England, and whether any particular risk groups were associated with the substantial rise in numbers of cases seen between 1994 and 1996.
designTwo retrospective cross sectional surveys.
setting70 randomly selected genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics in England. SUBJECTS: 10% of all gonorrhoea patients attending GUM clinics in England in 1994 (847 patients) and 1996 (1146 patients).
main outcome measuresFor risk factors in 1996 (study 1), unadjusted rates per 100,000 population aged 14-70 and relative rates (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). For the change in risk factors between 1994 and 1996 (study 2), adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs, derived from logistic regression analyses of data on patients in 1996, with patients in 1994 as the comparison group.
resultsThe incidence of gonorrhoea in 1996 was higher in homosexual males (812 per 100,000; RR = 30.2, CI = 25.2 to 36.0) compared with heterosexual males (27 per 100,000); in black Caribbeans (467 per 100,000; 21.4, 17.9 to 25.5) and black Africans (235 per 100,000; 10.8, 7.5 to 15.5) compared with white people (22 per 100,000); and in previous GUM clinic attenders (433 per 100,000; 37.93, 35.46 to 40.56) compared with those who had not attended previously (11 per 100,000). However, most patients were either white or heterosexual. Heterosexual patients in 1996 were significantly more likely to have reduced sensitivity to penicillin (2.55, 1.20 to 5.41) than those in 1994. Male homo/bisexual patients in 1996 were significantly more likely to be from the north west (3.77, 1.45 to 9.80) and to have either reduced sensitivity (2.63, 1.03 to 6.73) or complete resistance (1.98, 1.03 to 3.78) to penicillin, compared with those in 1994.
conclusionsHomo/bisexual men and the black Caribbean population in England experience a disproportionate burden of gonococcal infections, however, the bulk of diagnoses are in white heterosexuals. No single risk group was associated with the rise in numbers of cases between 1994 and 1996. Resistance to penicillin is widespread and has increased in homo/bisexual men, and it is possible that a rise in treatment failures has, to some extent, enhanced transmission of gonorrhoea and contributed to the rise in numbers of diagnoses in this group.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.