Evidence map›Paper›PMID 10816517›Full record

ArticleInfection and immunity2000

Monitoring bioluminescent Staphylococcus aureus infections in living mice using a novel luxABCDE construct.

K P Francis, D Joh, C Bellinger-Kawahara, M J Hawkinson, T F Purchio, P R Contag

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Infection and immunity, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 169 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
169citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.3field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

169 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 348 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Low-Irradiance Antimicrobial Blue Light-Bathing Therapy for Wound Infection Control.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
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  11. Review
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  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. The identification of two M20B family peptidases required for full virulence inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023
    Article
  19. Article
  20. An Autobioluminescent Method for EvaluatingMicrobiology spectrum · 2022
    Article

109 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

K P FrancisXenogen Corporation, Alameda, California 94501, USA.
D Joh
C Bellinger-Kawahara
M J Hawkinson
T F Purchio
P R Contag
Stanford Medicine · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Strains of Staphylococcus aureus were transformed with plasmid DNA containing a Photorhabdus luminescens lux operon (luxABCDE) that was genetically modified to be functional in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. S. aureus cells containing this novel lux construct, downstream of an appropriate promoter sequence, are highly bioluminescent, allowing the detection of fewer than 100 CFU in vitro (direct detection of exponentially dividing cells in liquid culture). Furthermore, these bacteria produce light stably at 37 degrees C and do not require exogenous aldehyde substrate, thus allowing S. aureus infections in living animals to be monitored by bioluminescence. Two strains of S. aureus 8325-4 that produce high levels of constitutive bioluminescence were injected into the thigh muscles of mice, and the animals were then either treated with the antibiotic amoxicillin or left untreated. Bioluminescence from bacteria present in the thighs of the mice was monitored in vivo over a period of 24 h. The effectiveness of the antibiotic in the treated animals could be measured by a decrease in the light signal. At 8 h, the infection in both groups of treated animals had begun to clear, as judged by a decrease in bioluminescence, and by 24 h no light signal could be detected. In contrast, both groups of untreated mice had strong bioluminescent signals at 24 h. Quantification of CFU from bacteria extracted from the thigh muscles of the mice correlated well with the bioluminescence data. This paper shows for the first time that bioluminescence offers a method for monitoring S. aureus infections in vivo that is sensitive and noninvasive and requires fewer animals than conventional methodologies.

Indexed as

Luminescent MeasurementsAmoxicillinAnimalsHindlimbImage Interpretation, Computer-AssistedLuciferasesMiceMuscle, SkeletalOperonPenicillinsPhotorhabdusRecombinant ProteinsStaphylococcal InfectionsStaphylococcus aureusAmoxicillinLuciferasesPenicillinsRecombinant Proteins

Identifiers

PMID10816517
PMCPMC97648
OpenAlexW2105063350

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.