ArticleInfection and immunity2000
Cooperation between reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates in killing of Rhodococcus equi by activated macrophages.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 134 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protective immune response against Rhodococcus equi: An innate immunity-focused review.Equine veterinary journal · 2025Review
- Intracellular peroxynitrite perturbs redox balance, bioenergetics, and Fe-S cluster homeostasis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Redox biology · 2024Review
- Article
- The opportunistic intracellular bacterial pathogen Rhodococcus equi elicits type I interferon by engaging cytosolic DNA sensing in macrophages.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Host-directed therapy in foals can enhance functional innate immunity and reduce severity of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- ROS Generation in Microglia: Understanding Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Roles of EvpP inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Article
- Mycoredoxins Are Required for Redox Homeostasis and Intracellular Survival in the Actinobacterial PathogenAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- The role of reactive oxygen intermediates in the intracellular fate of Leptospira interrogans in the macrophages of different hosts.PloS one · 2017Article
- Macrophage effector responses of horses are influenced by expression of CD154.Veterinary immunology and immunopathology · 2016Article
- Tuning photo-catalytic activities of TiO2 nanoparticles using dimethacrylate resins.Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials · 2016Article
- Oral streptococci and nitrite-mediated interference of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Infection and immunity · 2015Article
- Female resistance to pneumonia identifies lung macrophage nitric oxide synthase-3 as a therapeutic target.eLife · 2014Article
- Lung macrophages "digest" carbon nanotubes using a superoxide/peroxynitrite oxidative pathway.ACS nano · 2014Article
- Immunogenicity of an electron beam inactivated Rhodococcus equi vaccine in neonatal foals.PloS one · 2014Article
- Unsaturated fatty acids promote the phagocytosis of P. aeruginosa and R. equi by RAW264.7 macrophages.Current microbiology · 2012Article
- Nitric oxide-mediated intracellular growth restriction of pathogenic Rhodococcus equi can be prevented by iron.Infection and immunity · 2011Article
- Production of reactive oxygen (H2O2) and nitrogen (NO) intermediates and tnf-α in mice genetically selected for high (H) and low (L) antibody response and experimentally infected with Leptospira serovar pomona.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2011Article
- Nitric oxide is involved in the upregulation of IFN-γ and IL-10 mRNA expression by CD8⁺ T cells during the blood stages of P. chabaudi AS infection in CBA/Ca mice.International journal of biological sciences · 2011Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rhodococcus equi is a facultative intracellular bacterium of macrophages which can infect immunocompromised humans and young horses. In the present study, we examine the mechanism of host defense against R. equi by using a murine model. We show that bacterial killing is dependent upon the presence of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), which activates macrophages to produce reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediates. These two radicals combine to form peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), which kills R. equi. Mice deficient in the production of either the high-output nitric oxide pathway (iNOS(-/-)) or the oxidative burst (gp91(phox-/-)) are more susceptible to lethal R. equi infection and display higher bacterial burdens in their livers, spleens, and lungs than wild-type mice. These in vivo observations, which implicate both nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O(2)(-)) in bacterial killing, were reexamined in cell-free radical-generating assays. In these assays, R. equi remains fully viable following prolonged exposure to high concentrations of either nitric oxide or superoxide, indicating that neither compound is sufficient to mediate bacterial killing. In contrast, brief exposure of bacteria to ONOO(-) efficiently kills virulent R. equi. The intracellular killing of bacteria in vitro by activated macrophages correlated with the production of ONOO(-) in situ. Inhibition of nitric oxide production by activated macrophages by using N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine blocks their production of ONOO(-) and weakens their ability to control rhodococcal replication. These studies indicate that peroxynitrite mediates the intracellular killing of R. equi by IFN-gamma-activated macrophages.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.