ArticleInfection and immunity2000
Expression of interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-6 in human peripheral blood leukocytes exposed to human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent or recombinant major surface protein P44.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- McFarland Standards-Based Spectrophotometry Method for Calculating Approximate Multiplicity of Infection for an Obligate Intracellular BacteriumMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Temporal patterns of gene expression in response to inoculation with a virulent Anaplasma phagocytophilum strain in sheep.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Functional inhibition or genetic deletion of acid sphingomyelinase bacteriostatically inhibits Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in vivo.Pathogens and disease · 2021Article
- Interferon-γ-dependent control of Anaplasma phagocytophilum by murine neutrophil granulocytes.Parasites & vectors · 2017Article
- Chromatin-bound bacterial effector ankyrin A recruits histone deacetylase 1 and modifies host gene expression.Cellular microbiology · 2015Article
- The tick salivary protein sialostatin L2 inhibits caspase-1-mediated inflammation during Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection.Infection and immunity · 2014Article
- The biological basis of severe outcomes in Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection.FEMS immunology and medical microbiology · 2012Review
- Mechanisms of obligatory intracellular infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2011Review
- Molecular events involved in cellular invasion by Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum.Veterinary parasitology · 2010Review
- Epigenetic silencing of host cell defense genes enhances intracellular survival of the rickettsial pathogen Anaplasma phagocytophilum.PLoS pathogens · 2009Article
- Analysis of involvement of the RecF pathway in p44 recombination in Anaplasma phagocytophilum and in Escherichia coli by using a plasmid carrying the p44 expression and p44 donor loci.Infection and immunity · 2006Article
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum delay of neutrophil apoptosis through the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signal pathway.Infection and immunity · 2005Article
- Early transcriptional response of human neutrophils to Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection.Infection and immunity · 2005Article
- Establishment of cloned Anaplasma phagocytophilum and analysis of p44 gene conversion within an infected horse and infected SCID mice.Infection and immunity · 2005Article
- Rapid sequential changeover of expressed p44 genes during the acute phase of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in horses.Infection and immunity · 2004Article
- Polymorphism and transcription at the p44-1/p44-18 genomic locus in Anaplasma phagocytophilum strains from diverse geographic regions.Infection and immunity · 2004Article
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum has a functional msp2 gene that is distinct from p44.Infection and immunity · 2004Article
- Sequence analysis of p44 homologs expressed by Anaplasma phagocytophilum in infected ticks feeding on naive hosts and in mice infected by tick attachment.Infection and immunity · 2004Article
- Cytokine gene expression by peripheral blood leukocytes in horses experimentally infected with Anaplasma phagocytophila.Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology · 2002Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) is an emerging febrile systemic disease caused by the HGE agent, an obligatory intracellular bacterium of granulocytes. The pathogenicity- and immunity-related mechanisms of HGE are unknown. In this study, several cytokines generated in human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) incubated with the HGE agent or a recombinant 44-kDa major surface protein (rP44) of the HGE agent were examined by reverse transcription-PCR and a capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The HGE agent induced expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and IL-6 mRNAs and proteins in PBLs in a dose-dependent manner to levels as high as those resulting from Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide stimulation. The kinetics of induction of these three cytokines in PBLs by rP44 and by the HGE agent were similar. Proteinase K treatment of the HGE agent or rP44 eliminated the ability to induce these three cytokines. Induction of these cytokine mRNAs was not dependent on superoxide generation. These results suggest that P44 proteins have a major role in inducing the production of proinflammatory cytokines by PBLs. Expression of IL-8, IL-10, gamma interferon, transforming growth factor beta, and IL-2 mRNAs in response to the HGE agent was not remarkable. Among PBLs, neutrophils and lymphocytes expressed IL-1beta mRNA but not TNF-alpha or IL-6 mRNA in response to the HGE agent, whereas monocytes expressed all three of these cytokine mRNAs. These observations suggest that induction of proinflammatory-cytokine gene expression by the major outer membrane protein of the HGE agent in monocytes, which are not the primary host cells of the HGE agent, contributes to HGE pathogenesis and immunomodulation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.