ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2000
Rearrangement of immunoglobulin genes in shark germ cells.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extrafollicular and Other Non-Germinal Center B Cell Responses: An Evolutionary Perspective.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Expression Analysis of Heavy-Chain-Only Antibodies in Cloudy Catshark and Japanese Bullhead Shark.Marine drugs · 2025Article
- The Janus (dual) model of immunoglobulin isotype evolution: Conservation and plasticity are the defining paradigms.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- An Ancient MHC-Linked Gene Encodes a Nonrearranging Shark Antibody, UrIg, Convergent with IgG.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- Heavy chain-only antibody genes in fish evolved to generate unique CDR3 repertoire.European journal of immunology · 2022Article
- On the relationship between extant innate immune receptors and the evolutionary origins of jawed vertebrate adaptive immunity.Immunogenetics · 2022Review
- The immunoglobulins of cartilaginous fishes.Developmental and comparative immunology · 2021Review
- Guardian of the Genome: An Alternative RAG/Transib Co-Evolution Hypothesis for the Origin of V(D)J Recombination.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- A cold-blooded view of adaptive immunity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2018Review
- Diversity of Immunoglobulin (Ig) Isotypes and the Role of Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase (AID) in Fish.Molecular biotechnology · 2018Review
- Rearranged T Cell Receptor Sequences in the Germline Genome of Channel Catfish Are Preferentially Expressed in Response to Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Evidence for Ig Light Chain Isotype Exclusion in Shark B Lymphocytes Suggests Ordered Mechanisms.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2017Article
- Fish Immunoglobulins.Biology · 2016Review
- Article
- Biased Immunoglobulin Light Chain Gene Usage in the Shark.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2015Article
- Structural and genetic diversity in antibody repertoires from diverse species.Current opinion in structural biology · 2015Review
- The immunoglobulins of cold-blooded vertebrates.Biomolecules · 2014Review
- Recombination, transcription, and diversity of a partially germline-joined VH in a mammal.Immunogenetics · 2012Article
- Evolutionary genomics of immunoglobulin-encoding Loci in vertebrates.Current genomics · 2012Article
- Those other mammals: the immunoglobulins and T cell receptors of marsupials and monotremes.Seminars in immunology · 2010Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The variable (V), (diversity [D]), and joining (J) region recombinases (recombination activating genes [RAGs]) can perform like transposases and are thought to have initiated development of the adaptive immune system in early vertebrates by splitting archaic V genes with transposable elements. In cartilaginous fishes, the immunoglobulin (Ig) light chain genes are organized as multiple VJ-constant (C) clusters; some loci are capable of rearrangement while others contain fused VJ. The latter may be key to understanding the evolutionary role of RAG. Are they relics of the archaic genes, or are they results of rearrangement in germ cells? Our data suggest that some fused VJ genes are not only recently rearranged, but also resulted from RAG-like activity involving hairpin intermediates. Expression studies show that these, like some other germline-joined Ig sequences, are expressed at significant levels only early in ontogeny. We suggest that a rejoined Ig gene may not merely be a sequence restricting antibody diversity, but is potentially a novel receptor no longer tied to somatic RAG expression and rearrangement. From the combined data, we arrived at the unexpected conclusion that, in some vertebrates, RAG is still an active force in changing the genome.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.